4～6岁儿童自我概念与社会规则认知的发展及其关系  

The Development of Self-concept and Social Rules Cognition of Children Aged from Four to Six and Their Relationship

作　　者：孙崇勇[1,2] 杨斯童[1] 刘丽丽[1] 齐美玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林师范大学教育科学学院,四平136099 [2]吉林师范大学心理研究所,四平136099

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2017年第9期45-55,共11页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"认知负荷视阈下的学习负担研究"(编号:15YJA880056)

摘　　要：为探讨4~6岁儿童自我概念与社会规则认知的发展状况及其二者之间的关系,本研究运用个别访谈法、口语报告法,并采用儿童自我概念量表与社会规则认知图画量表进行调查,结果发现4~6岁儿童的自我概念与社会规则认知均表现出年龄差异,随着年龄增长而不断上升;4~6岁儿童自我概念的发展表现出性别差异,社会规则认知的性别差异不显著;4岁儿童已经可以认知并区分道德规则与习俗规则;儿童的自我概念与社会规则认知呈现正相关,且前者能够正向预测后者。这表明4~6岁儿童自我概念发展具有年龄特征与性别差异,其发展的动力主要来自儿童心理与身体的发展以及母亲与同伴的影响;儿童社会规则认知发展与一般认知一样也具有年龄特征,并且后者为前者的发展奠定了基础;儿童自我概念对其社会规则认知具有显著影响,但这种影响可能需要借助人际交往、认知效能与环境适应等中介变量的作用,儿童对内的社会认知可以向对外的社会认知延伸。家长和教师应善于捕捉培养儿童积极自我概念的契机,促进其自我概念的良性发展,同时要从儿童的日常实际生活着手,关注儿童的交往情境、情感需求与精神世界,帮助儿童把社会规则内化于心,外化于行。To explore the development of serf-concept and social rules cognition of children aged 4-6 and the relationship between thers, the study adopted individual interviews, the oral report method, the Children＇s Self-concept Scale and the Pictorial Scale of Social Rules Cognition. The result showed that children＇s development of self-concept and social rules cognition both showed differences in age, and increased with age; 4-year-old children had been able to cognize and differentiate social moral rules and social convention ones; self-concept development of children aged 4-6 showed significant sex differences, but their social rules cognition did not; there was a positive correlation between self-concept and social rules cognition, and the former could predict the latter positively. The findings suggested that the self-concept development of children aged from 4 to 6 has age characters and sex differences, whose fundamental drive comes from children＇s mental and physical development as well as the influences of their mothers and companions. As with children＇s general cognition development, their social rules cognition also shows age characters, and the former lays the foundation for the latter. Children＇s self-concept has significant effect on their social rules cognition, but it needs the help of some mediated variables. In addition, the internal social cognition of children can be extended to their external social one. Parents and teachers should catch opportunities in daily life to help children improve their self-concept and cognition of social rules.

关 键 词：自我概念 社会规则 社会认知 

分 类 号：G610[文化科学—学前教育学]