叙事语篇的衔接与视角表达——以“单说、但见”为例  

Narrative Discourse Cohesion and Perspective Representation:A Case Study of Danshuo and Danjian

作　　者：方梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,100732

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2017年第5期59-69,共11页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重点课题"汉语语用标记形成机制的多视角研究"的阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文基于民国初年的小说材料,以"单说"和"但见"为例,考察动词性来源的篇章衔接成分的功能浮现条件。文章指出,从篇章功能看,虽然"单说"与"但见"都具有元话语属性,显示情节之外的叙述者视角,但两者存在差异。其差异性表现为,"单说"是单纯的叙述者视角表现形式,用作开启情节、或者建立篇章话题,属于框架标记。而"但见"未完全虚化,既可用于体现情节内人物视角,也可用于体现"无所不知"的全知视角。用于情节内人物视角的"但见",虽然它所在的小句与"单说"小句一样不允许显性主语,但允许作零形主语解读,并与话题之间具有同指关系。而全知视角的"但见",它所在小句则不允许作零形主语解读;此时的"但见"用作提示受述者关注其后叙述内容,使之具有前台信息的属性,"但见"属于参与标记。叙述者视角与情节人物视角重叠是虚化为元话语成分的临界语境。汉语零形主语的句法促使低控制度的主句动词(如"单说、但见")弱化,成为篇章衔接成分。Based on fictions of early Republic of China, focusing on the cases of danshuo （单说） and danjian （但见）, this article investigates the functional conditions in which verbal discourse cohesion elements emerge. In terms of the discourse function, though both danshuo and danjian are metanarrative, both representing an omniscient perspective, they are different in many ways. danshuo takes a purely narrator-oriented perspective, It used as a way of topic establish and story-line boundary marking, danjian is not wholly grammatical- ized and is employed to represent not only an intra-plot perspective of the character, but also an ＇omniscient＇ super-narrator perspective. Clauses with danjian of the intra-plot perspec- tive, though like clauses with danshuo, not allowing an overt subject, do allow a zero sub- ject co-referential to the topic. Clauses with danjian of an omniscient perspective allows no interpretation of zero subject; danjian here is used to draw the narratee^s attention as an en- gagement marker. The overlapping between the narrator-oriented perspective and the intra- plot perspective creates a hedgy situation for the emergent discourse cohesion element. The clause with syntax of zero subject evokes semantic blending of the main clause verb（such as danshuo and danjian） and the change to the macrosyntactic conjunction.

关 键 词：叙事语篇 衔接 视角 元话语 零形主语 

分 类 号：H15[语言文字—汉语]