草莓高架栽培中混合基质水分分布  

Water distribution of mixed media in elevated strawberry cultivation

作　　者：卢佳骏 王纪章[1] 刘继展[1] 陆海燕[2] 李萍萍[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学现代农业装备与技术教育部重点实验室,江苏镇江212013 [2]中国农业机械化科学研究院,北京100083 [3]南京林业大学生物与环境学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2017年第6期535-540,共6页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：江苏省农业科技支撑计划项目(BE2014406);国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD08B04)

摘　　要：搭建了高架无纺布栽培试验台,采用滴灌方式灌入10.0,22.5,45.0,90.0,120.0 mL的水,滴灌流量分别设定为1.30,0.95,0.50 L/h,并在滴灌点剖面的垂直和水平2个方向共选取了6个特征水分监测点,利用烘干法测量各个监测点的基质含水率,试验分析基质初始含水率、滴灌流量以及滴灌量对基质剖面水分的扩散规律影响.研究结果表明:高架栽培单株作物1次滴灌量需低于90.0 mL;滴灌结束后20 min是水分扩散的高峰期,20 min后,水分扩散速度减慢,60min时基质水分趋于稳定;滴灌基质初始含水率越大,水分水平扩散速度越快,最终的扩散距离也越大,湿润半径也更大;3个不同的滴灌流量处理,前20 min内基质水平扩散距离增量分别为3.70,3.80,4.00 cm,60 min后扩散距离分别6.61,6.72,6.90 cm,处理之间差异不具有统计学意义;距离滴灌滴头水平距离相同的10 cm深度处的基质含水率高于5 cm的基质含水率;栽培槽内水分分布均匀后,高架栽培槽内各监测点的基质含水率的最大差值为36%,而0.50 L/h时该值为24%,滴灌流量0.50 L/h栽培槽内基质含水率分布较为均匀.因此,草莓高架栽培水分监测点设计需根据基质水分空间与草莓根系的耦合,选择根系附近10 cm深处进行含水率监测;实际生产中,需要确定合适的灌水上下限,适宜进行高频灌溉,每次滴灌单株草莓滴灌量不宜高于90.0 mL.A test platform for the cultivation of the viaduct was set up. About 10.0, 22. 5,45.0, 90.0, 120.0 mL water were irrigated by drip irrigation, three drip flow rates were set as 1.30 L/h ,0.95 L/h and 0. 50 L/h, and 6 characteristic water monitoring points were selected in the vertical and horizontal directions in the point profile of drip irrigation. The moisture content of each monitoring point was measured by drying method. The effects of initial water content, drip irrigation flux and drip irrigation amount on the diffusion of water in the soil profile were analyzed. The results show that drip irrigation volume for strawberry should not be higher than 90.0 mL per plant in elevated cultivation. The first 20 min is the peak of water diffusion after the end of drip irrigation, later, water diffusion rate slows down, and the substrate moisture tends to be stable at 60 min;the faster the diffusion rate of the water level, the greater the final diffusion distance, and the larger the wetting radius as the initial water content becomes greater. At three drip flow rates, the first 20 min internal matrix horizontal diffusion distance increment is 3.70 cm, 3.80 cm, 4. 00 cm respectively ; after 60 min the final horizontal diffusion distance increment is 6.61 cm, 6.72 cm, 6. 90 among the three treatments. The substrate water cm respectively. There is no significant difference content at 10 cm depth of the same distance from the drip irrigation emitter is higher than that at 5 cm depth. After the end of drip irrigation, the maximum difference of the moisture content of the substrate in the groove is 36% , while the value is 24% at the flow rate of 0.50 L/h, whose cultivation groove matrix water rate is more uniform. Therefore, strawberry elevated cultivation should meet strawberry water requirements to determine suitable lower limits of irrigation. In the actual production, it is suitable for high frequency irrigation and drip irrigation quantity for strawberry should not be higher than 90.0 mL per plant. It is better to s

关 键 词：草莓 高架栽培 滴灌 混合基质 水分分布 

分 类 号：S628.4[农业科学—园艺学]