日语“角色语”形成原因探析——以自称词「わし」为例  

An Analysis of the Reasons for the Formation of Japanese “Role Languages”——Taking the First-Person Pronoun “Washi” as an Example

作　　者：祁福鼎[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连外国语大学公共外语教研部

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2017年第4期41-46,共6页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

摘　　要：自称词是日语"角色语"的主要表现形式之一,而「わし」作为典型的"角色语",经常出现在日本文艺作品尤其是漫画、动画作品中。本文以近代时期的文艺作品为研究资料,着重从使用对象和敬意程度两方面对「わし」进行调查,试分析其为何发展为"角色语",进而探究"角色语"的形成原因。研究发现,在日本近代之前人们严格按照"士农工商"的身份等级制度使用语言,给语言打下了阶级的烙印,形成了"角色语"的雏形。到了近代后期,随着明治维新的深入、身份等级制度的废除以及教育的普及,带有阶级色彩的语言逐渐被普通话所取代,而这些阶级用语则逐渐发展成为现代日语体系中的"角色语"。The first-person pronoun is one of the main manifestations of Japanese＂role languages＂. Being a typical example of＂role languages＂,＂washi＂often appears in Japanese literary works, especially comics and animation works. This paper takes modern Japanese literature as research data, focusing on the two aspects of object usage and the degree of respect for the word＂washi＂to investigate its development as a＂role language＂, and exploring the reasons for the formation of＂role language＂. The paper finds that Japanese use different languages which are in strict accordance with identity hierarchies of premodern times, such as the identity division of＂scholar, farmer, artisan and merchant＂. This division stamped Japanese as a ranked language and generated the embryonic form of＂role languages＂. In modern times, with the deepening of the Meiji Restoration, the abolition of identity hierarchy and the popularity of education, ranked language has been gradually replaced by a common language which soon developed into examples of＂role language＂in the modern Japanese system.

关 键 词：角色语 自称词 「わし」 近代时期 形成原因 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语]