应对灵活性对大学生压力适应的作用机制  

The Role of Coping Flexibility in Undergraduates' Stress Adaptation

作　　者：雷鸣 位东涛 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学心理研究与咨询中心,成都611756 [2]西南大学心理学部重庆,400715 [3]西南大学认知与人格教育部重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《四川理工学院学报（社会科学版）》2017年第5期71-86,共16页Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(12YJC190014)

摘　　要：应对灵活性是指个体能够根据压力情境有效选择压力应对策略的能力。尽管已经开展了二十多年的研究,但是应对灵活性受到的关注还是不够。当前研究着重探讨应对灵活性在压力应对和促进个体社会适应方面的作用及其机制。鉴于当前的研究现状,本研究揭示在大学生群体中应对灵活性的积极作用。研究一对潜在创伤事件应对能力感知量表进行中文版修订。该量表从压力应对者感知的角度评估自身具有的应对灵活性,是评估应对灵活性的有效工具之一。量表中文版的修订为探讨压力情境中个体的应对灵活性提供了良好的基础。先后三次随机抽取了2190名大学生参与修订工作。结果显示,修订后的量表中文版由11个题项组成,包括"事件聚焦"和"未来聚焦"两个维度;在信度方面,量表的内部一致性系数为0.758,分半系数为0.656,间隔3个月的重测信度为0.741,2个分量表的内部一致性系数分别为0.714、0.685;在效度方面,主要拟合指数支持修订后量表的结构模型(χ~2=206.303,df=43,RMSEA=0.065,IFI=0.901,CFI=0.920,GFI=0.960,p=0.000)。同时,应对灵活性及其事件聚焦、未来聚焦两个维度与压力感、消极情感呈负相关,而与应对效能、认知重评、积极情感、心理复原力、情绪幸福感、心理幸福感、社会幸福感呈正相关,在汶川地震灾区大学生中,PTSD自评高分组在事件聚焦和应对灵活性上显著低于低分组大学生。这表明,潜在创伤事件应对能力感知量表中文版具有良好的信、效度。在此基础上,研究二在大学生群体中考察应对灵活性在压力与社会适应之间的作用。随机抽取1138名大学生,以积极心理健康(情绪幸福感、心理幸福感和社会幸福感)作为社会部适应的观测指标,中介效应和调节效应的检验结果显示,应对灵活性在压力体验与情绪幸福感、心理幸福感之间起到有调节的部分中介作�Coping flexibility refers to one＇s ability to effectively modify coping behaviors in the face of stressful situation or potentially traumatic life events. Although the research of coping flexibility started 20 years ago, little attention was attracted from scholars. The current researches focued on the promotion of the role of coping flexibility in stress adjustment. In view of the current literature, the study revealed the positive role of coping flexibility in college students groups in the face of stress. In Study One, the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of PACT were investigated among undergraduates. The Perceived Ability to Cope with Trauma （PACT） Scale has two subscales that measure the perceived ability to focus on processing the trauma and to focus on moving beyond the trauma. The coping flexibility score represented the ability to use both types of coping. The revision of the Chinese version of the scale provided a good basis for discussing the coping flexibility of individuals in stressful situations. Totally, 2190 Chinese undergraduates completed a set of scales, including the PACT, the Resilience Scale, the Stress Scale for College Students, the Coping Efficacy Questionnaire, the Emotion Regulation Scale, the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale, and the Mental Health Continuum Short Form in Adults. The internal consistency and concurrent validity were investigated. Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the 2-factor model with 20 items originally derived from Americans was not replicated, and 2-factor structure including 11 items was suitable in the present study （~2=206.303, df =43, RMSEA =0.065, IFI =0.901, CFI =0.920, GFI =0.960, p= 0.000）. The Cronbach c~ coefficient was 0.758 （p〈0.01）, split-half reliability coefficient was 0.656 （p〈0.01）, and the test-retest reliability coefficient is 0.741 （p〈0.01）, the Cronbach c~ coefficient of two subscales was 0.714, 0.685 （p s〈0.01）. The coping flexibility score, events f

关 键 词：应对灵活性 积极心理健康 心理复原力 大学生 适应 幸福感 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理] B849[文化科学—教育学]