历史阐释中的历史事实和历史评价问题——基于马克思唯物史观的基本理论和方法  

Historical Facts and Historical Evaluation in Historical Interpretation:A Basic Theory and Method Based on Marx's Historical Materialism

作　　者：涂成林 

机构地区：[1]广州大学广州发展研究院,研究员广州510006

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2017年第8期4-23,共20页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：历史事实与历史评价既是历史阐释中一个恒久而常新的重要议题,也是当下我们建构马克思主义历史阐释学的基本前提。历史阐释的形成不仅涉及历史主体与历史客体的本体论互动关系,也涉及历史事实、历史逻辑与历史价值的认识论径路,涉及人们确认历史事实、建构历史评价的内在张力与动态平衡。建构唯物史观的历史阐释学,必须在坚持历史事实的客观性与先在性的前提下,注意克服历史评价的主观性、相对性和多元性的羁绊,寻求人类建立共同历史价值观、书写人类共同历史的可能。因此,历史阐释既是无限趋近历史真相的认识过程,也是共同建构人类精神家园的社会过程,最终确立人类认识历史、评价历史的共同尺度,寻求人类命运共同体最大价值公约数。Historical facts and historical evaluation are an important topic in historical interpretation,one that is permanent and always fresh,and a basic prerequisite for our present construction of Marxist historical hermeneutics.The formation of historical hermeneutics involves not the ontological interaction between historical interpretation subjects and objects,but also the epistemological approach to historical facts,logic and value,and the internal tension and dynamic balance of the confirmation of historical facts and construction of historical estimates.To construct historical hermeneutics from the angle of historical materialism,we must first stick to the objectivity and anteriority of historical facts,then take care to overcome subjectivity,relativity and pluralism in historical evaluation,and seek for the possibility of constructing man’s common historical values and discovering man’s common history.Therefore,historical interpretation is a cognitive process that indefinitely approaches historical truth and a social process of building up our spiritual home together.It will ultimately affirm a common standard for man’s knowledge and evaluation of history and seek for the greatest common divisor of the value of the shared future of mankind.

关 键 词：历史阐释 历史事实 历史评价 唯物史观 

分 类 号：B03[哲学宗教—哲学理论]