民事裁判思维与方法——一宗涉及外国法查明的判决解析  

Thinking and Method of Civil Judgment——Analysis of A judgment Related to Foreign Law Finding

作　　者：傅郁林[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2017年第5期42-53,共12页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"民商事审判方法研究"(课题号11BFX122)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：传统理论依赖于将外国法归属于事实问题抑或法律问题的定性来确定涉外民事诉讼中法官与当事人在外国法查明问题上的责任划分,但在比较研究中忽略了各国在诉讼模式等制度背景上的重要差异和在裁判方法上异曲同工的原理。而我国诉讼模式正处于转型和不确定状态,由于缺乏基本裁判思维和方法训练所导致的对事实与法律之间逻辑关系的普遍误解在外国法查明问题上很具有典型性。从裁判技术角度来看,国际私法研究领域中长期以来争论不休的"外国法究竟属于事实问题还是法律问题"主要是一种概念争议,甚至争议各方已忘记了问题的出发点——各国在外国法查明问题上是如何配置法官与当事人之间的义务和权限的?从这个功能视角出发,在概念上看似迥异的事实问题或法律问题之定性或归类,在特定诉讼模式之中如果按照事实问题或法律问题相应的逻辑和规则进行调查,并不会导致查明义务主体的重大差异。因此,中国对于外国法查明问题的研究重点不应停留于事实问题抑或法律问题的符号之争,而应当置于转型之中的中国民事诉讼模式对法官-当事人权限配置关系这一特定的制度语境下,以"外国法"为对象,以"查明"为目标,对现行外国法查明的具体制度进行功能性考量,探索其适用规范。To allocate the burden of ascertaining foreign law between the judge and the parties, traditional theory of private international law relies on definition of foreign law as＇ factual issue＇ or＇ legal issue＇ ; but the comparative researches usually omit important differences among various systematical contexts like judiciary pattern and the similar doctrine of juridical methods which lead to equally satisfactory results. From the per- spective of juridical thinking, object and value of the debate is to define the role of a judge in ascertaining of foreign law and the preconditions of abandoning the effort to apply foreign law instead by national law. So in a given litigation pattern, a judge＇ s authority and duty shouldn＇ t be substantially influenced by the definition of foreign law to be＇ factual＇ or＇ legal＇ issue, if he/she is to deal with a factual issue in rational method of fact finding and to dispose a legal issue in legal logic.

关 键 词：审判方法 裁判方法 裁判思维 外国法查明 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]