超声辅助提取-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定杭州市主城区大气PM2.5中的47种元素  

Determination of 47 elements in PM2.5 in main urban area of Hangzhou using ultrasonic-assisted extraction-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

作　　者：金铨[1] 任韧[1] 薛鸣[1] 王小芳[1] 黄希汇[1] 龚立科[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州市疾病预防控制中心,浙江杭州310000

出　　处：《中国卫生检验杂志》2017年第17期2436-2440,2444,共6页Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology

基　　金：杭州市卫生科技计划(重点)项目(2014Z14);杭州市卫计委重点学科"卫生检验学(理化检测技术)"

摘　　要：目的建立大气PM2.5中47种元素的超声辅助提取-电感耦合等离子体质谱的分析方法,探讨杭州市主城区大气PM2.5及其元素的分布特征。方法通过提取条件的优化及干扰的校正,建立了HNO3-HCl-HF酸体系下大气PM2.5中47种元素的超声辅助提取-ICP-MS的测定方法,并对2015年8月-2016年8月采集的杭州市主城区PM2.5样品进行测定。结果该方法检出限为0.045 pg/m^3~0.77 ng/m^3,回收率及精密度试验结果良好。杭州市主城区PM2.5的月均质量浓度为27.4μg/m^3~96.7μg/m^3,年平均质量浓度为55.2μg/m^3,超出相关限值的57.7%。47种元素的年均总质量浓度为157.7 ng/m^3,占PM2.5年均质量浓度的0.29%。其中,浓度较高的元素为Zn、Al、Pb、Mn等,而Pb、Cd、Hg、As的年均浓度均显著低于限值。PM2.5及其中无机元素的污染水平均以冬季为最高。结论该方法操作简便、准确可靠。在杭州市大气污染的治理过程中,需加强对冬季大气污染的防治及对Zn、Al、Pb等元素的污染水平及来源的关注。Objective To establish a method for simultaneously determining the 47 elements in PM2. 5 by ultrasonic-assisted extraction-ICP-MS,and to investigate the distribution of PM2. 5 and elements in main urban area of Hangzhou. Methods The method including a mixture of HNO3-HCl-HF with ultrasonic-assisted extraction-ICP-MS was established after the optimization of extraction conditions and the interference correction. Then the samples collected in main urban area from August2015 to August 2016 were determined and analyzed. Results The detection limit of the method ranged from 0. 045 pg/m^3to0. 77 ng/m^3. The recoveries and the precision of the method were satisfactory. The average monthly concentrations of PM2. 5 in main urban area of Hangzhou ranged from 27. 4 μg/m^3 to 96. 7 μg/m^3 and the annual average concentration was 55. 2 μg/m^3,which was 57. 7% higher than the limitation. The annual average concentration of total elemental amount（ 47 elements） was157. 7 ng/m^3,and it accounted for 0. 29% of the PM2. 5 annual average concentration. Concentrations of elements,such as Zn,Al,Pb,Mn and so on,were relatively high,and annual average concentrations of Pb,Cd,Hg,As were significantly lower than the limitation. The concentration level of PM2. 5 and elements were highest in winter. Conclusion The method was simple and accurate. It was suggested to be paid more attention to the prevention and control of airborne pollution in winter,as well as the concentration levels and sources of elements such as Zn,Al,Pb and so on.

关 键 词：PM2.5 元素 超声辅助提取 电感耦合等离子体质谱 杭州 

分 类 号：O657.63[理学—分析化学]