中国第5次总膳食研究中7种真菌毒素的污染及膳食暴露分析  

The contamination and dietary exposure analysis for seven mycotoxins in the Fifth Chinese Total Diet Study

作　　者：邱楠楠 吕冰 周爽 赵云峰 吴永宁 

机构地区：[1]国家食品安全风险评估中心卫生部食品安全风险评估重点实验室,北京100021

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2017年第10期943-948,共6页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（31501400）;国家食品安全风险评估中心高层次人才队伍建设523项目

摘　　要：目的 了解我国膳食中7种真菌毒素的污染水平和居民膳食摄入量。方法 中国总膳食研究根据当地居民的食物消费量进行食物聚类，由聚类结果形成采样单。根据采样单，各省份在3个调查点采样，将各采样点采集的同一食物样品按相同比例混合，烹调加工后，制得混合的膳食样品。样品包括谷类、豆类、薯类、肉类、蛋类、水产类、乳类、蔬菜类、水果类、糖类、饮料与水、酒类、调味品等13个食物类别，调味品在烹调中使用，因此，供测定的样品共12类。本次研究包括20个省份的12类食物样品，共240份混合膳食样品。采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法测定杂色曲霉素、桔青霉毒素、环匹阿尼酸、串珠镰刀菌、胶黏毒素、霉酚酸和疣孢青霉原等7种真菌毒素的污染水平，估算居民的膳食摄入量。结果 在检测的7种真菌毒素中，霉酚酸、胶黏毒素和疣孢青霉原未检出，环匹阿尼酸在豆类中的含量范围为0.47~1.57 μg/kg、在酒类中的含量范围为0.19~2.26 μg/kg，检出率为7.1%（17/240）；杂色曲霉素在广西的水产、北京的糖类、辽宁的饮料中的含量分别为2.88、0.01、0.53 μg/kg，在水产中的含量范围为0.70~1.76 μg/kg，检出率为2.9%（7/240）；桔青霉毒素在四川的水果中的含量为5.31 μg/kg；串珠镰刀菌在吉林的乳类中的含量为3.60 μg/kg。根据膳食暴露分析，我国一般人群7种真菌毒素的暴露量较低。霉酚酸、胶黏毒素和疣孢青霉原未检出，其他4种毒素的暴露量分别为0.000~8.132（桔青霉毒素）、0.000~27.448（杂色曲霉素）、0.000~3.026（环匹阿尼酸）、0.000~62.847 ng·kg-1·d-1（串珠镰刀菌）。结论 在检测的杂色曲霉素等7种真菌毒素中，环匹阿尼酸、杂色曲霉素、桔青霉毒素和串珠镰刀菌仅在某些地区个别膳食中检出，且膳食暴露水平低；但环匹阿尼酸在酒类中的�Objective To investigate the contamination levels and dietary intakes of seven mycotoxins in Chinese diets.Methods In Chinese Total Diet Study, food aggregation was based on the food consumption of local residents, thus generating the sampling scheme. According to the sampling scheme, the food items were sampled at three survey points in each province and then mixed in the same proportion. The mixed dietary samples were prepared after being cooked and processed. The samples comprised of 13 categories of food： cereals, beans, potatoes, meat, eggs, aquatic products, milk, vegetables, fruits, saccharides, beverages and drinking water, alcohol, and condiments. Condiments were used in cooking, so there were in total 12 varieties of samples for determination. Altogether, the study included 240 mixed dietary samples from 20 provinces with 12 varieties. The contamination levels of the seven mycotoxins, including sterigmatocystin （SMC）, citrinin （CIT）, cyclopiazonic acid （CPA）, moniliformin （MON）, gliotoxin （GLIO）, mycophenolateacid （MPA） and verruculogen （Verru）, were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS method, and dietary intakes of residents were estimated as well.Results Among the detected seven mycotoxins, MPA,GLIO and Verru were not detected. The content range of CPA in beans was 0.47-1.57 μg/kg and in alcohol was 0.19-2.26 μg/kg, and the detection rate of CPA was 7.1% （17/240）. The content of SMC in aquatic products of Guangxi, in saccharides of Beijing, and in beverages of Liaoning was 2.88 μg/kg, 0.01 μg/kg, and 0.53 μg/kg, respectively. The content range of SMC in aquatic products was 0.70-1.76 μg/kg, and the detection rate was 2.9% （7/240）. In addition, the content of CIT in fruit of Sichuan was 5.31 μg/kg, and the content of MON in milk of Jilin was 3.60 μg/kg. According to the dietary exposure analysis, the exposure levels of the seven mycotoxins in China＇s general population were low. MPA, GLIO and Verru were not detected, and the exposure range of the other four mycotox

关 键 词：真菌毒素类 膳食调查 膳食暴露 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]