反常语的译与解——兼论基于翻译实践的中西译论互补  

The Translation and Analysis of Non-usage:The Practical Complementarity of Chinese and Western Translation Theories

作　　者：孙靖[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学外文学院,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2017年第5期87-93,共7页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

摘　　要：反常语不仅常见于文学作品,在非文学文本中也常有运用,国内和西方学者对这种特殊的语言表现手段皆有关注和讨论。钱锺书先生在《谈艺录》中专门提起这一现象,称之为"反常之语言";美国学者刘易斯剖析了翻译中不同于"常语"的"反常语"现象,指出反常语特点鲜明,自成体系,翻译反常语不仅要有相应的原则,而且还需要新的忠实观。韦努蒂也明确认为反常语的翻译要遵循"反常的忠实",以目的语的反常来达到对原语中反常语的忠实。无独有偶,我国译界前辈许渊冲先生更有针对性地强调了反常语"非常译"的原则,以不循常规的灵活译法来破译反常语。理清这些涉及反常语和反常语翻译的论述,无疑将有助于我们加深对于反常语的认识,进而加强对于反常语翻译的研究。本文通过一些反常语的现成译例,分析、讨论了反常语的类别划分,指出了几种不同的翻译概念对反常语翻译的适用性和局限性。反常语翻译的理论和实践说明,中西译论可以相互补充,理应兼收并蓄,而翻译理论需要有翻译实践作为检验的标准。Non-usage is a special language phenomenon which is often seen both in literary and non-literary writings.As a result,it has been notified in the academic discussions of Chinese and western scholars.Qian Zhong-shu in his Notes on Literature and Art referred to ＂non-usage expressions＂as classic examples of poetic language.Philip Lewis furthered the discussion by studying ＂abuse＂in comparison with ＂use.＂The abuse is a typical case of its own and must be translated in accordance with a new principle of translation and ＂a new axiomatics of fidelity.＂Lawrence Venuti followed it up by exploring the idea of ＂abusive fidelity＂which encourages the faithful translation of the abuse in the original by means of abusiveness in the target language.As it happens,Xu Yuan-chong in China has made a point of emphasizing the principle of ＂abusive translation ＂for rendering non-usage expressions by way of breaking through the conventional rules.This article is intended to acquire an in-depth understanding and a proper classification of the phenomenon of non-usage,and at the same time to clarify the related translation concepts in terms of their appropriateness and limitation for translating expressions of non-usage.Either the comparison of theories or the analysis of translation cases in this study has convinced us of the actual significance in combining the Chinese and Western translation theories for their complementary strengths and therefore the conclusion that translation practice serves as the criterion for judging translation theories.

关 键 词：反常语 反常的忠实 非常译 中西译论 

分 类 号：H315.9[语言文字—英语]