有砟及无砟轨道结构对货物列车运行安全性的影响  

Influence on freight train operation safety for ballasted and ballastless track

作　　者：龚凯[1] 向俊[1] 毛建红[1,2] 余翠英[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]华东交通大学土木建筑学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第8期2152-2161,共10页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会与神华集团有限公司联合资助项目(U1261113);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20100162110022);牵引动力国家重点实验室开放课题(TPL0901;TPL1214)~~

摘　　要：基于列车-有砟及无砟轨道系统空间振动计算模型,采用列车脱轨能量随机分析方法,分别计算货物列车在有砟、无砟轨道上的脱轨全过程,得出2种车轨系统横向振动极限抗力作功及其动力响应,分析货物列车的运行安全性、2种车轨系统的空间振动特性。研究结果表明:与有砟轨道相比,无砟轨道的抗脱轨能力最大可提高45.9%,车速为90 km/h时无砟轨道上车体竖向Sperling平稳性指标、轮对横向力、轮轨竖向力分别减小73.5%,22.1%和27.3%;无砟轨道各部件横向位移、加速度均小于有砟轨道相应值,而钢轨竖向位移大于有砟轨道相应值,但由于无砟轨道竖向位移主要由扣件承担,导致钢轨传至道床板的竖向位移衰减75.3%;无砟轨道各部件竖向加速度均大于有砟轨道相应值,产生的振动、噪声对周围建筑影响更大。建议在重载铁路新线设计中优先采用无砟轨道,但应采取减振降噪措施。On the basis of the freight train-ballasted and ballastless track system spatial vibration calculation model, using the random energy analysis method of train derailment, the whole train derailment course for the ballasted and ballastless track was calculated respectively. The lateral vibration ultimate resistance working on two train-track systems and the corresponding dynamic responses was obtained. Meanwhile, the freight train running safety and the spatial vibration characteristics for ballasted and ballastless train-track system were analyzed. The results show that compared with the ballasted track, the anti-derailment ability of ballastless track is improved by 45.9%, and the car body vertical Sperling stability index, the wheelset lateral force and the wheel-rail vertical force are reduced by 73.5%, 22.1% and 27.3%,respectively,when the train speed is 90 km/h. Moreover, the lateral displacement and acceleration of all the ballastless track components are much smaller than those of the ballasted track, while the rail vertical displacement of the ballastless track is larger. However, as the vertical displacement of ballastless track is taken by fastenings, the vertical displacement transferred from rail to roadbed slab is attenuated by 75.3% on this account. The vertical acceleration of ballastless track is larger than that of ballasted track, the vibration and noise have more influence on the surrounding buildings. The ballastless track is recommended to be adopted in priority for the heavy-haul railway line design, but the vibration and noise reduction measurements should be taken on both sides of the track line.

关 键 词：铁道工程 有砟轨道 无砟轨道 货物列车 安全性 

分 类 号：U213.2[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]