孟子“处士横议”说考辨——兼论孟子的语言伦理  

A Discussion on Mencius' The Non-official Scholars' Presumptuous Comment on Social Affairs:Mencius' Language Ethics

作　　者：周淑萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学文学院,教授陕西西安710061

出　　处：《史学月刊》2017年第9期43-51,136,共10页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"中国孟学史研究"(11AZD051)

摘　　要：批判"处士横议"是孟子人生中的大举措,然而当代学者对处士身份的认识并不统一,有学者将处士释为"有才德而隐居不仕之人"。这一解释不仅违背战国史实,也消解了孟子批判"处士横议"的合理性。孟子以"善言"为标准,以立言行仁为主旨,以"知言"为前提,评判战国处士言说,断以"横议",折射出其注重道德功用的语言伦理,既要求言说者的言语行为要担负一定的社会道义责任,接受公众道德规范的制约,也强调接受主体的话语理解须有道义责任的约束。Criticizing ＂the non-official scholars＇ presumptuous comment on political affairs＂ was a significant achievement in Mencius entire life.However the viewpoints of modern scholars still fails to reach aagreement about the non-official scholars.Someone interprets them as ＂brilliant hermits who are out of office＂.This explanation is not only contrary to the history of the Warring States period,but also denies the validity of Mencius＇ criticism.Setting beneficial words as a standard,making benevolence and righteousness as the keystone,taking understanding of language as the prerequisite,Mencius criticized the non-officials scholars＇ comments,and considered them absurd.It reflects that Mencius lays great stress on moral language ethics.That demands the scholars who make free speech were obliged to undertake a degree of social moral responsibilities and be circumscribed by public ethic.Moreover,Mencius also emphasized the audiences must be subjected to moral obligation.

关 键 词：处士 隐士 横议 善言 知言 

分 类 号：B222.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学] H0-05[语言文字—语言学]