王夫之人性论探析  

On Wang Fuzhi's Theory of Human Nature

作　　者：李舒尧 

机构地区：[1]西北大学马克思主义学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《宝鸡文理学院学报（社会科学版）》2017年第5期51-53,65,共4页Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences：Social Science Edition

摘　　要：顺承于气本论的世界观,王夫之也形成了独特的人性论。王夫之认为,外部世界存在永恒运动变化的本原之气,有不停发展变化、不断新陈代谢的万事万物,王夫之再将着眼点落实于人的内部,认为人性的生成是一个"日生日成"的过程,以本然之"气"连接天、人、性、命,以气之同源,体现生命之平等;强调人性生成的过程性与阶段性,并在其中引入"习养"说明人性发展变化的多样性;人性是由自然之气形成的,非先天赋予的善,亦非先天赋予的恶,并在后天习养过程中,应继天之善,成己之善。王夫之终结了中古独断哲学,对以往儒学各家进行深刻的批判,开创出古代朴素唯物主义哲学的巅峰,其思想如"性者生理也"、"性日生日成"、"理必寓于人欲以见"、"率性以达情"等皆对今天大有裨益。Wang Fuzhi has his own unique opinion towards human nature in accordance with his wordview in his onology of Qi.While Qi of origin which keeps moving forever exists in the external world and everything is in continuous changes and development,Wang Fuzhi then keeps his eye on the internal world of human beings.He thought that human nature is generated gradually and Qi of origin connects all the following elements including heaven,human beings,human nature and destiny all together which proves the equality of human life.Wang Fuzhi also emphasizes the process and stages of the formation of human nature and explains the diversity in the development of human nature using the concept "cultivation".Humanity is formed by Qi of nature,in which good and evil are neither innate.During the further process of cultivation,man should inherit the goodness of heaven and at the same time develop his own one.Wang Fuzhi has broken the madieval dogmatic philosophy,profoundly criticized different parties of Confucians,and finally brought ancient naive materialism to the historical climax.His thoughts like "Human nature is innate and will be with one throughout all one's life", "Human nature is generated day by day", "Heavenly principles will be fully expressed only through one's desire",and "If someone control his nature successfully,he can fullfill his instincts" are still works well nowadays.

关 键 词：王夫之 人性论 性日生日成 性之善恶 继善成性 

分 类 号：D249.2[政治法律—政治学]