从西王母到观世音:汉唐间救苦救难信仰的变迁  

The Belief Transformation from Xiwangmu to Avalokitesvara during Han and Tang Dynasties

作　　者：储晓军 

机构地区：[1]浙江越秀外国语学院中文学院,浙江绍兴312000

出　　处：《宝鸡文理学院学报（社会科学版）》2017年第5期61-65,共5页Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences：Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目:魏晋南北朝民间信仰与文学(项目编号09CZW024)

摘　　要：东汉时期,西王母是民间信仰中最重要的神祇之一。她的功能也日益多元化,其中救苦救难是最重要的内容。而至魏晋南北朝时期,西王母崇拜被引入道教,成为道教神谱体系中的重要一员,其救苦救难的功能渐被观世音菩萨所取代。究其原因,首先佛教以苦立教,注重解脱,道教则以生为乐,追求长生。其次魏晋南北朝时期,佛教需要获得民众,而道教则有意去民间化。最后西王母信仰有复杂的仪式,而观世音信仰则简单易行。The Xiwangmu became one of the most important folk deities in East Han dynasty.The deliverance was one of the most important functions of the Xiwangmu.During Wei-Jin and Northern and Southern dynasties,the Xiwangmu became an important deity of the Daoism.The function of saving people from suffering gradually replaced by Avalokitesvara.Firstly,the Buddhism focused on the suffering of the people.The Daoism focused on the happiness of the people.Secondly,the Buddhism needed to absorb followers,but the Daoism needn't this.Thirdly,the ceremony of Xiwangmu was very complex,but the ceremony of Avalokitesvara was very easy.

关 键 词：西王母 观世音 救苦救难 汉唐 

分 类 号：B949[哲学宗教—宗教学] K852[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]