不同注意焦点训练对短跑起跑表现的影响  

Influences of Different Attention Focus Orientation Training on Performance of Sprint Start

作　　者：许翀[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆电子工程职业学院马克思主义与通识教育学院,重庆401331 [2]西南大学国家体育总局体质评价与运动机能监控重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2017年第10期93-100,共8页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(17BTY090);重庆市体育局体育科研项目专项资金资助(B201618);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(SWU1709116;SWU1709329)

摘　　要：短跑起跑阶段需要对外部信号集中注意并快速反应,以产生最佳运动表现。因此,本研究假设:狭窄外部注意焦点导向会对短跑选手的起跑表现产生有益影响。研究基于短跑起跑的三个动力学阶段(实际反应时阶段,蹬起跑器反应动作时阶段和加速跑阶段),测试新手和精英短跑选手在一段10M的短跑起跑中,在3种注意焦点导向条件下(狭窄外部注意导向、狭窄内部注意导向、中性指导语)的起跑表现。研究结果显示:在狭窄外部注意导向条件中,实际反应时、反应动作时和起跑加速时均显著短于狭窄内部注意焦点导向条件中的时间。研究结果证实:(1)根据信号而启动的短距离快速移动项目中,狭窄外部注意焦点导向会产生有益影响。(2)不同的注意焦点导向会影响动作表现。For the best competitive performance,it is essential to pay attention to external start signal and react quickly as soon as possible in sprint start phase.This research held that narrow-external attention focus orientation has beneficial effects on sprint start performance.Based on three kinetics stages（practical time for reaction,reaction time of movementrunning time）of sprint start,this research measured sprint start performance of elites and novice sprinter in three different attention focus orientation condition（narrow-external attention focus,narrow-internal attention focus neutral condition）.The results were as follows：Firstly,the practical time for reaction,reaction time of movement and running time were significantly shorter in the narrow-external attention focus orientation.Secondly,this research confirmed that narrow-external attention focus had benefits in short distance fast moving sports initiated by signal.Thirdly,pre-action preparation could be effected by attention focus.

关 键 词：田径 短跑 实验心理学 反应时 实际反应时 反应动作时 起跑加速时 狭窄外部注意 注意焦点 

分 类 号：G822.1[文化科学—体育训练]