体外法研究纤维日粮的发酵特性及对猪氮排放相关指标的影响  

The Fermentation Characteristics and Effects on Nitrogen Excretion Related Indicators of Different Fiber Diets Usingan in vitro Method in Pigs

作　　者：朱丽媛[1] 卢庆萍[1] 夏冰[1] 刘正群 孙永波[1] 张宏福[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所/动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2017年第19期3817-3827,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD39B01);中国农业科学院创新团队(ASTIP-IAS07)

摘　　要：【目的】利用体外法探讨并比较不同纤维日粮的发酵特性及对猪氮排放相关指标的影响,为生猪生产中合理应用日粮纤维及减少氮排放的日粮配制提供试验依据。【方法】选择小麦、麦麸与燕麦麸3种原料,采用酶-重量法(AOAC Method 985.29)提取原料中的总日粮纤维组分,得到小麦纤维、麦麸纤维与燕麦麸纤维。以玉米-豆粕为基础,分别添加5%的提取纤维,形成3种纤维日粮:小麦纤维日粮(WF)、麦麸纤维日粮(WBF)与燕麦麸纤维日粮(OBF)。利用单胃动物仿生消化系统(SDS-Ⅱ)模拟猪胃-小肠消化;采集6头健康、体重接近的生长猪的新鲜粪便,混合均匀后与培养液按一定比例配制接种液,定量装入发酵瓶中模拟大肠发酵。日粮经胃-小肠仿生消化后,称取200 mg的消化产物于装有30 m L接种液的发酵瓶中,转入(39±0.25)℃培养箱中,分别在发酵4、12、24、36、48和72 h,取出对应发酵瓶,收集发酵残渣与发酵液,进行相关指标的检测。【结果】在体外大肠发酵阶段,不同纤维日粮组的干物质降解率(IVDMD)及发酵液短链脂肪酸(SCFA)含量、p H、氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、微生物蛋白(MCP)产量有显著差异(P<0.05):(1)在发酵4与12 h,OBF组的IVDMD在3组中最高(P<0.01),其他时间点3组差异不显著(P>0.05)。在4 h,OBF组的IVDMD比WF组与WBF组分别高18.32%、15.21%(P<0.01);在12 h,比WF组与WBF组分别高14.87%、10.06%(P<0.01)。(2)在发酵24与36 h,OBF组发酵液总SCFA含量显著高于其他两组(P<0.05),在72 h,OBF组与WBF组极显著高于WF组(P<0.01),在4与12h,OBF组有高于其他两组的趋势(P=0.0599;P=0.0504)。在24 h,OBF组发酵液总SCFA含量比WF组与WBF组分别高27.32%、17.11%(P<0.05);在36 h,比WF组与WBF组分别高16.65%、25.96%(P<0.05)。(3)在发酵4与12 h,OBF组发酵液p H在3组中最低(P<0.01);在24、36与72 h,OBF组与WBF组显著低于WF组(P<0.05)。(4)在发酵24与48 h,OBF组发酵液NH3-N浓度显著低于其他两组(P<【Objective】The present study was conducted to investigate and compare the fermentation characteristics and effects on nitrogen excretion related indicators of different fiber diets using an in vitro method in pigs. The study aimed to provide an experimental basis for the rational application of dietary fiber in pig production and for the preparation of diets to reduce nitrogen excretion. 【Method】Wheat fiber（WF）, wheat bran fiber（WBF） and oat bran fiber（OBF） were purified from wheat, wheat bran and oat bran, respectively, using the enzyme-gravimetric method（AOAC Method 985.29）. WF diet, WBF diet and OBF diet based on maize and soybean were formulated to contain 5% WF, WBF and OBF. The three fiber diets were undergone a stomach-small intestine digestion of pigs by simulative digestion system（SDS-II）. A total of six growing pigs, which were in good health and had similar weight, were used to collect fresh feces. The mixed feces and culture solution were compounded in an appropriate proportion to prepare inocula which were quantitatively charged into fermentation flasks for simulating large intestine fermentation. After the stomach-small intestine digestion, the digestive products were pooled. 200 mg digestive products were added into a fermentation flask filled with 30 m L of inocula, placed in an incubator at（39±0.25）℃. The fermentation were stopped at 4, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h of incubation. Then the fermentation residues and fermentation broth were collected, and the relevant indicators were determined.【Result】The results indicated that in the large intestine fermentation stage, there were significant differences in dry matter degradability during the in vitro fermentation（IVDMD） and total short-chain fatty acid（SCFA） concentration, p H, ammonia nitrogen（NH3-N） concentration and microbial protein（MCP） production in fermentation broth among the three fiber groups（P〈0.05）：（1） At 4 h and 12 h, OBF group had the highest IVDMD among the three groups�

关 键 词：日粮纤维 生长猪 体外发酵 发酵特性 氮排放相关指标 

分 类 号：S828.5[农业科学—畜牧学]