作用极小的贡献于意大利单一制下之展开——兼述中意刑法在参与者处罚原则上的差异  

Research on Contribution of Minimal Importance under the Unitary Participation System in Italy——On the Differences between Chinese and Italian Criminal Law in the Principle of Punishment of the Participants

作　　者：耿佳宁[1] GENG Jia - ning

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2017年第6期40-51,共12页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：教育部国家留学基金资助(留金发[2013]3009号)

摘　　要：《意大利刑法典》第114条第1款的减轻情节作为单一制下同等责任、同等处罚原则的例外,要求参与行为在犯罪中所起作用极小。意大利判例和学说均认为该情节只具有客观属性。其与条件说之间的矛盾促使各方在共同犯罪领域由自然的因果关系论转向规范的归责论,于非必要的贡献项下,该减轻情节在理论上获得了一定的适用空间。但从规范到解释的双重绝对化及具体评价中的反向观察视角,都限缩了其成立范围,同等处罚、整体偏重才是意大利共同犯罪中刑罚裁量的基调与现状。于量刑阶段分别考察每个参与行为的现实作用是其近期的改革动向。我国共同犯罪制度以罪刑相适应为目标导向,主犯构成了共同犯罪的基准态,因此,从犯的认定成为量刑之关键。我国《刑法》中的从犯较之于《意大利刑法典》中作用极小的贡献,成立条件更为宽松,适用上也更为常态化。为了使从犯能够充分发挥均衡罪刑的机能,在解释中不宜过分限缩其成立范围。As an exception to the principle of equal liability and equal punishment under the unitaryparticipation system, the mitigating circumstances under the first section, article 114 of the Italy CriminalCode require participant to play a very minor role in crime. Both the Italy case law and its legal doctrine believethat the plot has only objective attributes. The contradiction between it and the theory of condition causesthe parties to turn from the theory of causality of nature to the standard imputation in the field of jointcrime. Under the non - essential contribution, the mitigated circumstance has obtained the certain applicationspace in theory. However, the double absolute angel of the standard, the interpretation and specific evaluationof the reverse observation angle of view all limit the scope of its establishment, while same punishmentfor the same crime and overall emphasis on punishment are the basic norms and status of penalty in thejoint crime of Italy. In sentencing phase, the actual role of each participant^ behavior is the recent trend ofreform. The joint crime system of our country aims at the adaptation of crime and punishment, and the principaloffender constitutes the standard of joint crime. Therefore, the identification of accomplices becomesthe key to sentencing. Compared with the minimal contribution in Italy Criminal Code, the role of accessoryin China’s Criminal Law is easier to be established, and the application is also more normalized. In order toenable the accessory to give full play to the function of the balanced crime and punishment, it is not appropriateto limit the scope of its interpretation.

关 键 词：共同犯罪 单一制 作用极小的贡献 非必要的贡献 从犯 

分 类 号：DF611[政治法律—刑法学]