“自我完善”作为德性义务如何可能?  

How Is It Possible:“One's Own Perfection”as a Duty of Virtue?

作　　者：朱毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2017年第6期64-71,共8页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"西方道德哲学通史研究"(12&ZD122)

摘　　要：后期康德以"同时是义务的目的"概念为线索,展开德性学说的建构。他将人之"自我完善"的德性目的"同时"视为义务,并对这个概念作了详细的阐明。然而问题在于,"自我完善"作为德性目的,康德将其纳入义务论框架中是否违背了原有自律伦理学的核心立场?此外,他将这个目的"同时"视为人对自己义务的理据何在?显然,在康德的德性论中,"目的"与"义务"概念的对接面临诸多困难,我们必须追问"自我完善"作为德性义务如何可能的理论根据。一方面,"自我完善"概念直接的理论源头来自康德对莱布尼茨—沃尔夫学派"完善性"概念的批判性重释;另一方面,这个德性目的"同时"作为义务更为深层的理论根据必须从康德对人性理念的基本设计和对人类道德现状的先验考察入手才能得到自洽的解释。Kant takes the concept of＂die Zweck die zugleich Pflichten＂as the clue to construct his virtue theory in his later years.He regards＂one＇s own perfection＂which is attached to the end of virtue as a duty and expounds it in detail.However,the problem is that whether Kant has disobeyed his own positions of self-discipline ethical philosophy when he takes ＂one＇s own perfection＂into the framework of deontology？In addition,what is the rationale for treating this end as duties of oneself？Obviously,in Kant＇s doctrine of duty,there are many difficulties for connecting the concepts of＂end＂and＂duty＂.Therefore,we must pursue the theoretical basis for the possibility of ＂one＇s own perfection＂as a duty of virtue.On the one hand,the direct theoretical sources of＂one＇s own perfection＂stems from Kant whose critical re-explanations of the concept of ＂perfection＂which belongs to Leibniz-Wolf School,on the other hand,the deeper rationale for this end as duty simultaneously must start with Kant＇s basic design about the ideas of humanity and transcendental investigations into the moral status of mankind.

关 键 词：自我完善 义务性目的 人性 根本恶 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]