陕北石油污染区土壤细菌群落结构解析  

Microbial community structure in petroleum polluted soil at north of Shaanxi

作　　者：陈锐[1] 赵玲侠[1] 孙晓宇[1] 瞿佳[1] 路鹏鹏[1] 沈卫荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省微生物研究所,陕西西安710043

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2017年第11期1181-1185,共5页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：西部之光人才培养项目(No.K2012-02);陕西省科学技术研究发展计划项目(No.2011K08-31);陕西省科学院人才培养专项(No.2014k-27)

摘　　要：为了解陕北地区石油污染对土壤微生物群落结构的影响,采用高通量测序对石油污染土壤中细菌群落结构进行研究,考察了石油污染土样的理化性质、可培养微生物数量及细菌群落结构,探讨石油污染程度与细菌群落结构间的关系。结果表明,石油污染土样中残油量为28.7~870.0mg/kg,相对于未污染土样,石油污染土样的总碳随残油量的增加呈增加趋势。石油污染土样中可培养细菌数量大于未污染土样,而可培养放线菌数量则相反。细菌群落结构分析表明,石油污染土样中细菌群落数量显著低于未污染土样,操作分类单元(OTU)数从未污染土样的7 707个最低下降到2 034个,且物种丰富度显著降低,其中厚壁菌门、放线菌门及变形菌门为优势菌群,随土壤残油量增加,厚壁菌门、变形菌门及拟杆菌门比例显著上升,而酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门等比例则显著降低。In order to investigate the change of soil microbial community structure cause by petroleum pollution at north of Shaanxi, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the soil microbial community structure in soil samples. Some physical and chemical properties and culturable microbial amount of soil samples were investigated, and the relationship between microbial community structure and petroleum polluted level was studied. Results showed that the contents of petroleum hydrocarbons in the petroleum polluted soil samples ranged from 28.7 to 870.0 mg/kg. Total carbon in petroleum-polluted soil samples increased significantly. The abundance of culturable bacteria was increased in petroleum-polluted soil, while abundance of actinomycetes was decrease significantly. High-throughput sequencing data showed that microbial diversity was decreased correlated with petroleum hydrocarbons content. The number of operational taxonomic units （OTU） decreased from 7 707 （unpolluted soil sample） to the lowest of 2 034, the community richness was also decreased significantly. Firmicutes,Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the most dominant populations in all of soil samples,whereas the Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria community content shifted up,and Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes community content decreased with the increasing of petroleum hydrocarbon content.

关 键 词：石油污染 微生物群落结构 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53