基于案例教学法在肿瘤学实践教学中的应用和探索  

Application and Exploration of Case-based Learning in Practice Teaching of Oncology

作　　者：戴文香[1] 蔡曼波[1] 禹正扬[1] 

机构地区：[1]南华大学附属第一医院肿瘤学教研室,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《中国继续医学教育》2017年第24期11-13,共3页China Continuing Medical Education

基　　金：湖南省普通高等学校教学改革研究立项项目(湘教通2013-223号)

摘　　要：传统讲授法(lecture-based learning,LBL)以教师为主,采用的是"填鸭式"教学方式,严重影响学生临床思维能力的培养,忽略学生参与及主观能动性发挥。基于问题学习(problem-based learning,PBL)采用以病例为先导、问题为基础、学生为主体的自学讨论式教学模式,让学习者通过合作解决真实性问题,培养自主学习、终身学习的能力。为了克服传统教学的缺点,探讨和摸索适合临床肿瘤学实践教学模式,本文将以病例为依托的案例教学法(CBL)联合以问题为中心(PBL)教学方法应用于临床肿瘤学实践见习教学中。首先由教师收集和编写典型案例并提出问题,见习小组分工,在见习教学前查找资料,见习教学中教师引导学生讨论,学生自己寻找答案和解决问题,完成整个教学活动,完成预定的教学目标。通过问卷调查发现,对比传统教学法,学生更愿意接受CBL联合PBL教学方法,后者不仅提高了学生自主学习和团队协作精神,而且学生临床思维及解决实际案例能力得到加强。这将为医学生迈入临床医师生涯,实现知识型向能力型转化打下基础。The traditional teaching methods, namely LBL （lecture-based learning）, which focus mainly on teachers and ignore the self-motivation and desires to involve of students, applying“cramming teaching methods”, may severely impair their development of clinical thinking abilities. PBL （problem-based learning） , which is based on questions, using real cases of illness, and focus on the students themselves, will lead them to solve real problems by cooperation, so as to cultivate their capacities of self-learning and lifelong learning. To overcome the defects of LBL, discuss and explore the teaching modes of clinic oncology, this article will combine the CBL（case-based learning） and PBL and apply this combined teaching method in clinic oncology internship. Firstly teachers will collect and write typical cases and then prepare questions. meanwhile student internship group should allocates tasks and look up imformations and expert knowledge before teaching. Secondly teachers will guide the students through the teaching process and let them fnd the answers and solutions by themselves so to acheve teaching goals. According a questionnaire survey, it is suggested that students are more willing to accept CBL combined PBL teaching methods compared to the traditional teaching methods, for the combined teaching methods can not only improve students＇ self- learning and team-working spirits,but also strengthen their abilities to solve real problems and clinical thinking, which lays soild foundation for them to become doctors and transfer their knowledges to abilities.

关 键 词：肿瘤学 CBL PBL 实践教学 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学]