《老子》无为思想及价值观辨正——基于理论理性的分析  

Identifying and Correcting the Concept of Nonaction and Pointview of Value of Lao Zi——Analysing Standing on Theoretical Reason

作　　者：王新水[1] Wang Xinshui

机构地区：[1]苏州大学哲学系

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2017年第11期97-106,共10页

摘　　要：如果为"无为"者是人而非拟人化的道或者天,那么这一概念表达的不是行为者与行为的承受者之间的关系,而是行为者与其所须遵守之道之间的关系,这时,《老子》"无为"的精确含义,实际是指行为者遵守道且对道本身不施加任何行为,而非像我们常认为的那样,仅仅是指对行为的承受者做出遵循道的行为,因为循道而为对行为的承受者而言也是一种作为而非无为。《老子》追求的最高价值不是道、自然无为或其他善,而是没身不殆和如其所是的长生久视,道、自然无为和其他善不过是实现这一目标或最高价值的最佳方式。从理论理性或思辨理性来看,根据《老子》所追求的最高价值及其"反者道之动"的观点可推知:"无为"不会只是主张"弱者道之用",而也会承认并要求"强者道之用";对于自然和社会中的恶之花,"无为"绝不会任其自然,而必然会有为以制止。Nonaction of Lao Zi, of which the accurate meaning is doing nothing to the spontaneous Dao but not only doing abiding by the Dao, is to realize everything and its activity. The ultimate values of Lao Zi are to the end of everything＇ s days suffering no harm and making its existence everlasting as itself, i. e. , what is good to realize is good. Therefore, Nonaction requires not only eradicating bad, doing good deeds, being soft, yielding and not contending but also being hard, resistant and contending. Spontaneity, which acting abiding by is the only and best way of realizing the ultimate value, isn＇ t itself the ultimate value of Lao Zi.

关 键 词：道—法则 自然 无为 善 长久 理论理性 

分 类 号：B223.1[哲学宗教—中国哲学]