基于主成分分析的花溪古茶树立地土壤养分评价  

Evaluation of nutrient status in site soil of ancient tea trees in Huaxi on principal component analysis

作　　者：宋勤飞 牛素贞[1,2] 陈正武 尹杰[1,2] 周绍均 岑春娇 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学茶学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学茶叶工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州省茶叶研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [4]遵义市产品质量检验检测院,贵州遵义563000

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2017年第11期1844-1853,共10页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31560222);贵州省科研机构服务企业行动计划项目黔科合服企([2014]4008号);贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目[(2014)2995号];贵州大学引进人才科研项目[贵大人基合字(2014)19号]

摘　　要：为明确贵州花溪古茶树土壤养分状况,为古茶树的保护和合理开发利用提供参考,对黔陶、马铃、久安、高坡等花溪古茶树集中分布区37份立地土壤进行理化检测,分析其养分含量间的相关性,并采用主成分分析法对土壤养分状况进行综合评价。结果表明,花溪古茶树立地土壤p H值均值为4.77,总体处于适宜状态;土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾含量较为丰富;但59.45%的土壤全氮含量极低,91.89%和86.49%的土壤全磷和有效磷含量极低,处于缺磷状态;大部分土壤交换性钙、交换性铝含量均处于茶树生长适宜范围;花溪古茶树土壤有效锰变异范围较大,仅有40.54%的土壤有效锰处于适宜范围。主成分分析表明,花溪古茶树立地土壤IFI值在8.11~32.89,均值为19.23,属于中等以上肥力的土壤占到64.86%,土壤肥力质量总体水平属于良好。其中马铃土壤养分状况最好,其次是久安和高坡,黔陶古茶树土壤养分状况最差。对花溪古茶树应重点增施氮磷肥。This study was conducted to investigate soil nutrient status of ancient tea trees in Huaxi,Guizhou Province,and to provide the basic data for protection and rational utilization of ancient tea trees. Thirty-seven site soil samples were collected from Qiantao,Maling,Jiuan and Gaopo. The p H value,organic matter（ OM）,total nitrogen（ TN）,available nitrogen（ AN）,total phosphorus（ TP）,available phosphorus（ AP）,available potassium（ AK）,exchangeable calcium（ ECa）,exchangeable aluminum（ EAl） and available manganese（ AMn） and the relationship between them were measured and analyzed. Then the method of principal component analysis was used to estimate the status of soil fertility by means of estimating IFI. The results showed that the p H value,contents of exchangeable calcium and effective aluminum of site soil was suitable for ancient tea tree growth,the contents of soil organic matter,a-vailable nitrogen and available potassium were sufficient. But the content of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and available phosphorus were very low in 59. 45%,91. 89% and 86. 49% side soil,respectively. Available manganese changed greatly,only 40. 54% side soil contained suitable available manganese for ancient tea tree. Soil integrated fertility index（ IFI） was 19. 23. According to the value of IFI,side soil with fertility at middle grade accounted for64. 86%,so the soil fertility quality of side soil belonged to the middle level in general. The best nutrient status of side soil came from Malin,then Jiuan and Gaopo,the side soil from Qiantao was the worst,which suggested that soil fertility management should focus on increasing the content of phosphorus and nitrogen.

关 键 词：花溪 古茶树 土壤养分 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]