学习方式和抑制能力对概率类别学习的影响  

Effects of Types of Training and Inhibition Ability on Probabilistic Category Learning

作　　者：邢强[1] 王蕊[1] 林泽彦 

机构地区：[1]广州大学心理系,广州510006

出　　处：《心理学探新》2017年第6期506-512,共7页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31571144);广州市教育局项目市羊城学者项目(1201561646)

摘　　要：采用经典的色词Stroop任务和天气预报任务范式,探讨反馈学习和观察学习两种方式以及不同抑制能力对概率类别学习的影响。实验采用2(学习方式)x2(抑制能力)被试间设计,随机选取204名大学生被试。结果显示:反馈学习的成绩显著高于观察学习;高抑制能力者的成绩显著高于低抑制能力者;反馈学习的成绩与意识知识出现分离。这表明,学习方式影响概率类别学习,反馈学习的效果优于观察学习;抑制能力影响概率类别学习,高抑制能力者的学习效果更佳;概率类别学习中同时存在内隐和外显两种学习系统。The color-word Stroop task and weather predict task were used as experimental tools to explore the effects of different learning styles and inhibition abilities in probabilistic category learning.The experiment was 2（learning style） x 2（inhibition ability） between-subjects design,204 students were selected randomly as participants.First,participants should completed a color-word Stroop task to differentiate high and low level of suppression.Then,according to the experimental requirements,the two groups of subjects were assigned to the feedback learning group and the observational learning group to complete the task of weather forecasting.The results showed that,there was a significant main effect of learning style,the performance of feedback learning group was significantly higher than that of observation learning group; The main effect of inhibitory capacity was significant,participants with high inhibition ability performed better than those with normal inhibition ability; Participants of the observation group not only was able to complete the task of weather forecast,but also had a clear understanding of the task.Participants of the feedback learning group,however,couldn＇t get a clear awareness when they forecasting the weather.his indicated that,the learning style had an effect on probabilistic category learning,and feedback learning was more useful than observational learning; Inhibition ability had an effect on probabilistic category learning,the higher Inhibition ability the learners had,the better the performance was; Both implicit and explicit learning systems exist in probabilistic category learning.

关 键 词：概率类别学习 学习方式 抑制能力 色词Stroop任务 天气预报任务 

分 类 号：B842.5[哲学宗教—基础心理学]