水分管理和秸秆还田对稻麦轮作系统温室气体排放的综合效应  

Effects of Water Regimes and Straw Incorporation on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in A Rice-wheat Cropping System

作　　者：杭玉浩 王强盛[1] 许国春[1] 刘欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2017年第11期1844-1855,共12页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2015]259;SXGC[2016]309)

摘　　要：水分管理和秸秆还田是调节温室气体排放、提高作物产量的有效措施,在农业生产中受到广泛关注。为明确水稻季水分管理和秸秆还田对稻麦轮作系统全球增温潜势(GWP)和作物产量的影响,开展了为期两年的田间试验,在传统灌溉(TI)和控制灌溉(CI)两种模式的基础上,设置麦秸还田(WS)、生物炭还田(BC)、不还田(NS)3种秸秆处理方式,对稻麦轮作系统进行CH_4和N_2O的排放监测以及作物产量的评估,以筛选出最佳的水分管理和秸秆还田组合方式,为农业的可持续发展提供科学依据。结果显示,与NS处理相比,WS、BC处理年均CH_4排放分别增加106.02%、36.77%,年均N_2O排放分别降低27.25%、16.21%,稻麦年平均产量分别增加6.49%、5.90%,年均单位产量GWP(GWPyield-scaled)分别增加40.53%、8.07%。在整个轮作周期,CI系统的CH_4排放较TI降低79.63%,N_2O排放增加27.03%,稻麦年平均产量增加0.42%,单位产量GWP降低60.32%。各处理中,以控制灌溉加生物炭还田(CIB)的年均单位产量GWP最低,比传统灌溉不还田(TINS)、传统灌溉麦秸还田(TIS)、传统灌溉生物炭还田(TIB)、控制灌溉不还田(CINS)、控制灌溉麦秸还田(CIS)分别降低53.81%、70.49%、59.77%、4.46%、11.92%。水分管理和秸秆处理方式对全球增温潜势表现出强烈的交互作用,但对作物产量无明显交互作用。可见,控制灌溉加生物炭还田(CIB)是降低稻麦轮作系统温室气体排放提高作物产量的有效管理措施。Irrigation mode and straw incorporation play important roles in regulating greenhouse gas emissions and increasing cropyield, which has received extensive attention in agricultural production. In order to clarify the influence of the water management andstraw incorporation on the global warming potential （GWP） and crop yield of rice-wheat rotation system, the field experiment wascarried out for two years. In the traditional irrigation （TI） and controlled irrigation （CI）, on the basis of two modes, they were set toreturning wheat straw （WS）, biochar returning （BC）, no straw returning （NS） three straw management. The rice-wheat rotationsystem was evaluated for CH4 and N2O emission monitoring and crop yield. It provided the scientific basis for the sustainabledevelopment of agriculture by selecting the optimal water management and straw returning combination. The results showed thatcompared with NS treatment, the annual CH4 emission of WS and BC increased by 106.02% and 36.77%, respectively, while theaverage annual N2O emission decreased by 27.25% and 16.21%, respectively. The average yield of rice was increased by 6.49% and5.90%, respectively, and the annual GWPyield-scaled increased by 40.53% and 8.07%, respectively. In the whole rotation cycle, the CH4emission of CI system decreased by 79.63% compared with TI, and N2O emission increased by 27.03%, the average yield of rice wasincreased by 0.42%, and the GWPyield-scaled decreased by 60.32%. Controlled irrigation with biochar（CIB） had the lowestGWPyield-scaled, which was 53.81%, 70.49%, 59.77%, 4.46%, 11.92% lower than traditional irrigation with no straw returning（TINS）,traditional irrigation with wheat straw（TIS）, traditional irrigation with biochar（TIB）, controlled irrigation with no strawreturning（CINS）, and controlled irrigation with wheat straw（CIS）, respectively. Significant interactions between irrigation mode andstraw management practices were found on annual greenhouse gas emissions, but not on crop yields.

关 键 词：水分管理 秸秆还田 稻麦轮作系统 温室气体排放 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]