美国全国教育协会组织结构早期沿革(1857—1920)  

The Early Development of the National Education Association Structure(1857-1920)

作　　者：石佳丽 周梦圆 李昂[1] 杨帆[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育历史与文化研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《教育学报》2017年第6期99-108,共10页Journal of Educational Studies

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重大项目"教育与美国社会改革(1890-1920年)"(项目编号:15ZDA25)的阶段成果

摘　　要：美国全国教育协会是美国存在时间最长、影响范围最广的全国性教育组织。与目前全国教育协会施行的"会员代表大会制"不同,20世纪20年代以前,全国教育协会按照以理事会为核心的"会员大会—理事会—部门"三层组织管理结构运行。通过分析全国教育协会章程及会议记录,发现这一组织结构的形成经历了三个阶段,分别是:1857年成立至1886年获得哥伦比亚特区法人地位,为维持稳定,全国教育协会齐力推动建立制度化组织结构的时期;1907年获得国会特许状,全国教育协会逐渐发展成为一个具有全国影响力的教育组织,以教育行政管理者为代表的教育管理者们拓展理事会职权,并最终成为协会组织管理结构核心理事会集权时期;1907年至1920年全国教育协会改行代表大会制度,伴随协会内部矛盾冲突加剧,协会组织结构经历了民主化改革的预备时期。在全国教育协会内部不同利益群体的争斗及社会对教育需求的推动下,协会为求自身生存与发展激发出生命力——对协会组织结构的自觉调整。The National Education Association （NEA） is a national education organization of the United States that lasts the longest and has the widest influence. In contrast to the ＂Representative Assembly System＂ that is currently implemented by NEA, the association ran in a three-layer council-centered organ- izational structure, namely, ＂meeting-council-department＂ until the 1920s. Through the analysis of the annual volumes of NEA, it was found that the organizational structure formed in three phases： from the establishment in 1857 to acquiring the company status of the District of Columbia in 1886, NEA was committed to establishing institutionalized organizational structure; after obtained the charter issued by the Congress in1907, the association was gradually developed into an educational organization with national influence, and educational leaders expanded the authority of the Board of Directors to become the core of NEA; between 1907 and 1920, while the association started the ＂Representative Assembly System＂, the intra-association conflicts intensified, and the organizational structure of the association underwent the pre paratory period of democratization reform. The conflicts of different interest groups within the association and the need for social change in education pushed the vitality of NEA for its own survival and development, which was the adjustment of the organizational structure of the association.

关 键 词：美国全国教育协会 制度化组织结构 科层化组织结构 民主化变革 

分 类 号：G519[文化科学—教育学]