德育的古今之变:从强健到柔弱——兼论校园欺凌现象  

The Transition of the Classical and Modern Moral Education: from Strong to Weak——Concurrently Discussion on the Phenomenon of School Bullying

作　　者：李长伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学教育学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《教育理论与实践》2017年第31期45-48,共4页Theory and Practice of Education

基　　金：全国教育科学"十二五"规划2013年度国家一般课题"实践哲学视野中的教育学演变"(课题编号:BAA130010)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：在古典教育哲人的视野中,血气捍卫着正义的秩序。一个血气不足的人,是脆弱的、无力的、不自由的。不过,血气因缺乏正确的判断力而需要理性的引导,这就需要良好的教育。就此而言,教育是对心灵原始血气的驯化,当然驯化不是压抑或去除这种血气,这会剥夺心灵的活力,而是让心灵中的血气因素与后来发展起来的理性因素和谐一致。遗憾的是,强悍的古典血气教育在近现代走向了没落,取而代之的是脆弱的现代德育。在霍布斯的人性论中有两种对立的欲望:虚荣自负与自我保存。虚荣自负取代了血气和勇敢,自我保存或者对死亡的恐惧则主宰了人的行动。基于此种人性论的教育,变成了生命教育与文明教育。由古今德育从强健到柔弱的转变,可以把握和解释作为现代性现象的校园欺凌。In the classical education philosopher＇s view, thymos defends the order of justice. A man who lacks thymos is frail, weak and unfree. However, because the thymos lacks correct judgment, so it needs the guidance of ration, that is the good education. That is to say, education is the domestication of the original thymos, but the domestication does not mean to depress or remove thymos, that will deprive of the vitality of the soul, it means to let the thymos of the soul in harmony with the rational factors that formed later. It is pity that powerful classical thymos education has declined in the modern times, it has been replaced by fragile modern moral education. In Hobbes＇s theory of human nature, there are two opposing desires： vainglory and self-preservation. Thymos and brave are replaced by vainglory, self-preservation or the fear of death dominates human＇s action. The education based on this theory of human nature has turned to life education and civilization education. By the transition of the classical and modem moral education from strong to weak, we can grasp and explain the school bullying as a modern phenomenon.

关 键 词：德育 血气 强健 虚荣自负 自我保存 柔弱 

分 类 号：G410[文化科学—教育学]