淀粉基重金属捕集材料的合成及捕集效能  

Synthesis and trapping efficiency of starch based heavy metal trapping materials

作　　者：李天琪 胡飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学食品科学与工程学院,广东广州510640

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2017年第12期49-54,共6页Food and Fermentation Industries

摘　　要：以天然淀粉为原料,采用逐步分子修饰合成淀粉基重金属捕集材料,并对产品的铜镍离子捕集能力进行了评估分析。首先淀粉分子通过醚化作用,引入阳离子季铵型基团;在此基础上,继续磷酸化引入阴离子基团;合成过程添加尿素,促进各类基团的交联网状结构,淀粉分子的氨基甲酸酯化同时也引入非离子基团,最终获取了多种电荷分布的淀粉分子修饰产品。研究结果表明,3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CHPTAC)用量为淀粉质量(m L/g)0.4,50℃下作用4 h,阳离子化取代度最高为1.61%。三聚磷酸钠质量分数4%,p H值6~7,120℃下作用2 h,负电荷磷酸化淀粉分子的取代度为0.026。低浓度的尿素能提高磷酸化淀粉的反应效率,质量分数高于3%时,会与淀粉分子氨基甲酸酯化作用增强结构的交联。不同基团取代度的产品对铜镍离子均具有捕集效果,阳离子化和阴离子磷酸酯化的取代度分别为1.42%和0.018,淀粉基捕集材料对30 mg/L浓度含铜、镍离子溶液的重金属去除率高达98%。In this paper,natural starch was used as raw material to synthesize starch based heavy metal trapping materials by stepwise molecular modification. The trapping ability of copper and nickel ions was evaluated. The starch molecules first introduce cationic quaternary ammonium groups through etherification. The phosphorylation of anionic groups were then added. The addition of urea in the synthesis process promoted the cross-linked of various types of groups. Finally,modified starch products with multiple charge distribution were obtained. The results showed that the dosage of CHPTAC was 4%（ m L/g） of starch quality,reaction temperature was 50 ℃ for 4 h,the degree of cation substitution was 1. 61%. The mass concentration of sodium tripolyphosphate was 4%,p H value as 6-7,reaction temperature was 120 ℃ for 2 h,the degree of substitution of negative charged could reach 0. 026. Low concentration of urea can improve the reaction efficiency of phosphorylated starch. When the mass concentration is higher than 3%,it can enhance the cross-linking of starch with the molecular carbamate. The products with different degree of substitution have a certain trapping effect on the copper and nickel ions. When the cationic and anionic phosphate esterification degree of substitution were 1. 421% and 0. 018,the removal rate of 30 mg/L copper and nickel ions solution could reach to 98%.

关 键 词：淀粉 取代度 重金属 捕集 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]