极端晚播对小麦籽粒产量、氮素吸收利用和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响  

Effects of extremely-late sowing on the grain yield,nitrogen uptake and utilization,and grain protein content in winter wheat

作　　者：吴金芝[1] 黄明[1] 王志敏[2] 李友军[1] 付国占[1] 陈明灿[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471023 [2]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2018年第1期185-192,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-3-1-03);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203033-2);河南科技大学博士科研启动基金项目(13480070)资助~~

摘　　要：为探索小麦高产高效优质生产技术途径,指导小麦晚播生产实践,2012年10月—2014年6月,以弱春性小麦偃展4110和半冬性小麦矮抗58为材料进行连续2年的田间定位试验,设置了常规适播(10月中旬、240万株·hm^(-2))和极端晚播(11月中旬、600万株·hm^(-2))两种栽培模式,研究了极端晚播对0~40 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量、小麦氮素吸收利用、产量、籽粒蛋白质含量和氮素吸收效率的影响.结果表明:与常规适播处理相比,两个生长季极端晚播处理均使拔节和开花期0~40 cm土壤硝态氮含量显著提高,从而促进拔节后小麦植株氮素吸收积累,成熟期穗部氮素的分配比例也得到提高,最终显著提高小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和偃展4110的蛋白质产量、氮素吸收效率,但对籽粒产量的影响因品种而异.其中,极端晚播处理使偃展4110的籽粒产量显著提高,而矮抗58的籽粒产量却显著降低.因此,极端晚播栽培模式可维持小麦拔节后的土壤氮供应,有利于提高小麦氮素吸收效率,从而提高小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量,是灌区小麦高产优质的有效途径之一.In order to explore the cultivation techniques for high yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat and guide the production practice of late sowing, a two-year experiment of different sowing times and plant densities in fixed plots was conducted from October 2012 to June 2014. Weak-spring cultivar of Yanzhan4110 （YZ4110） and semi-winter cultivar of Aikang58 （AK58） were sowed with two cropping patterns： Normal sowing （sowing in the middle of October, 2.4×106 plants·hm-2） and extremely-late sowing （sowing in the middle of November, 6.0×106 plants·hm-2）. The nitrate-N content in 0-40 cm soil, the nitrogen （N） uptake and utilization, grain yield, grain protein content and N uptake efficiency in winter wheat were investigated. Compared with normal sowing, extremely-late sowing significantly increased the nitrate-N content in 0-40 cm soil at jointing and anthesis stages, which in turn promoted the N uptake and accumulation of plants after jointing stage and increased the N distribution ratio of spikes at maturity. As a result, the grains with extremely-late sowing had higher protein contentin both YZ4110 and AK58, and higher protein yield and N uptake efficiency in YZ4110 than that with normal sowing. However, the effects of extremely-late sowing on grain yield were different in the two cultivars. Compared with normal sowing, extremely-late sowing clearly raised the grain yield of YZ4110, but significantly decreased that of AK58. These results indicated that extremely-late sowing is an alternative cropping technique to increase grain yield and protein content for winter wheat in irrigation zones through maintaining the soil N supply after jointing stage and increasing N uptake efficiency.

关 键 词：极端晚播 冬小麦 籽粒产量 蛋白质含量 氮素吸收效率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]