中国哲学语境中的本体论与形而上学  

Ontology and Metaphysics in Chinese Philosophy

作　　者：郑开[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系

出　　处：《哲学研究》2018年第1期77-85,128,共9页Philosophical Research

摘　　要：近代以来的中国哲学研究,"本体论"概念的误置屡见不鲜,因为源自古希腊哲学的"本体"和"存在",并不符合中国哲学语境中的"本体"。澄清这一问题的必要性和重要性在于:要想准确而内在地理解中国哲学理论范式,就必须从心性论层面把握中国哲学语境中的"本体"。同样地,中国哲学中的形而上学独具特色,迥异于古希腊哲学以来的metaphysics(形而上学)。以道家哲学为例,"道"不仅不出现于时空之中(无象、无形),亦不出现于语言之中(无名),具有明确的"非实体性",而古希腊以来的metaphysics则掺入了更多的物理学思考的特点。中国哲学语境中的形而上学体现为心性论、实践智慧与境界理论,而不是本体论、逻辑学和知识论。Misuse of the term ontology( benti lun, i. e. benti theory) is not uncommon in modern Chinese philosophical writing,owing to the fact that the subject matter of ontological investigation as it was conceived in ancient Greece does not coincide with that of benti lun in the Chinese philosophical context. An accurate and congenial understanding of the theoretical paradigm of Chinese philosophy is incumbent upon the distinction between ontology and bentilun,where the interpretation of benti is dependent upon its relationship with the theory of heart-mind and nature. Similarly,the characteristics of Chinese xingershangxue are to be differentiated from those of ancient Greek metaphysics. This paper discusses the example of the Dao in Daoist philosophy. The Dao is clearly "non-material"as it is not found either in the physical world or in language.By contrast,metaphysics has since its ancient Greek origin been conducted with a way of thinking that is more akin to physical investigation. Xingershangxue in the Chinese context is manifested in the theory of heart-mind and nature,practical wisdom,and state-of-attainment,which correspond to ontology,logic,and epistemology in its ancient Greek counterpart.

关 键 词：中国哲学范式 本体论 形而上学 心性-境界理论 

分 类 号：B21[哲学宗教—中国哲学]