论来知德学术根柢是太极之学  

On the Theory of Taiji as the Foundation of Lai Zhide's Academia

作　　者：赵中国 

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学马克思主义学院,北京100029

出　　处：《周易研究》2017年第6期13-24,共12页Studies of Zhouyi

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目:"宋元明清易学史视野下的先天学研究"(14FZX032)

摘　　要：长期以来,学界较多注意到了来知德的易学贡献,却少有人关注和阐发来知德的儒学思想,遑论来氏学术的整体逻辑。事实上,来知德首先是一个儒学理论上颇有自得之处的大儒,其次才是卓有建树的易学大家,而贯穿其儒学和易学的理论基础则是太极之学。来氏太极之学以理、气、数三概念为基础展开哲学建构,简言之,理为本体,理不离气,有气则有数,理气数结构是宇宙万物的存在方式。太极之学进入来氏儒学论域,既以理、气、数解释宇宙、社会和人生,又以理气存在论为基础展开理欲之辨,进一步提出格物克己、躬行明德的修养方法,并指出天理流行境界为修养归宿。太极之学进入以来氏易图学、来氏易象学和来氏义理易学为基本构成的来氏易学论域,太极之理成为来氏义理易学的目标和归宿,太极之气成为来氏易图学、来氏易象学的基础,太极之数(象数)成为来氏易象学的建构基础和基本内容。而从思想渊源看,来氏太极之学整合并发展了邵雍太极观和朱熹太极观,在中国传统哲学史中具有一定的意义。For a long time,those in academic circles have paid more attention to Lai Zhide＇s（1525-1604）contribution to Changes scholarship and few people have been concerned about and elucidated his Confucian thought,let alone the overall logic of his academic achievements.In fact,Lai Zhide was first of all a great Confucian who had unique attainments in Confucianism and then a great expert at Yi jingto which he contributed a magnum opus,and that which threads through his Confucian thought and props his hermeneutics of the Changes is the theory of Taiji（lit.Supreme Ultimate）.Lai＇s Taiji theory is constructed on the basis of Li（principle）,Qi（material force）,and Shu（numerology）.In brief,the structure of Li,Qi and Shuconstitute the modes of existence of the myriad things in the universe,in which Li is the conceptual body but is inseparable fromQi,which exists in the form of Shu.Lai＇s Confucian thoughts,after the absorption of Taiji Theory,successfully explained the cosmos,society,and life with Li,Qi and Shu,based on which he further conducted the debate on the relationship between principle and human desire under the ontology of Li and Qi.In addition,he proposed that the fulfillment of heavenly principles was taken as the ultimate goal of self-cultivation,by restraining one＇s desire and illuminating one＇s virtues in one＇s own person.After the Taiji theory was applied to Lai＇s scholarship on the Changes,composed of three parts of diagrams,imagery,and meanings and principle,Taiji＇s Li became the ultimate goal of Lai＇s pursuit for themeanings-and-principles in the Changes;Taiji＇s Qi the theoretical foundation of Lai＇s diagrams and imagery;Taiji＇s Shu the base for the construction and fundamental content of Lai＇s image-numerology.From the perspective of ideological origin,Lai＇s Taiji theory synthesized and carried forward Shao Yong＇s（1011-1077）and Zhu Xi＇s（1130-1200）outlooks on Taiji,and is of certain significance in the developmental history of Chinese philosophy.

关 键 词：来知德 太极 儒学 易学 邵雍 朱熹 

分 类 号：B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学]