世界咖啡种质资源收集与保存概况  

The Collection and Conservation Status of Coffee Germplasm in the World

作　　者：赵明珠[1] 郭铁英[1] 白学慧[1] 萧自位[1] 马关润 周华[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省德宏热带农业科学研究所,云南瑞丽678600

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2018年第1期62-70,85,共10页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：咖啡种质资源保护(No.16RZZY-07-06);热带作物种质资源标准化整理;整合及共享运行服务(No.NICGR2017-67)

摘　　要：本文阐述了咖啡种质资源在我国及世界部分国家的保存情况,并对我国咖啡种质资源的引进、收集和保存提出建议。科特迪瓦、巴西、埃塞俄比亚、喀麦隆、马达加斯加、肯尼亚等18个国家共保存咖啡种质资源约64 000份,隶属茜草科,咖啡属,近50个种。其中,小粒种20 000多份、中粒种5 600多份、大粒种近2 000份。巴西、喀麦隆和科特迪瓦是小粒种资源的主要保存国家;中粒种资源主要集中在科特迪瓦、巴西和印度尼西亚;大粒种资源以科特迪瓦最多。比较这些国家所拥有的咖啡种质资源数量,科特迪瓦位居第一,保存数量最多,约22 000份,31个种;其次是巴西,近19 000份,13个种;埃塞俄比亚、喀麦隆、马达加斯加、肯尼亚、哥斯达黎加、哥伦比亚、印度尼西亚和中非居中;马达加斯加收集保存的咖啡种质资源最为丰富,共41个种。中国保存咖啡种质资源(小粒种、中粒种)800余份,主要集中保存于云南省德宏热带农业科学研究所,共引进、收集、选育咖啡种质518份,5个种,资源圃保存445份,其中46.7%为引进种质。The conservation status of coffee this paper, could provide references for the germplasm in China and some countries were illuminated in breeding, introduction, collection and conservation of coffee germplasm. Cote d＇Ivoire, Brazil, Ethiopia, Cameroon, Madagascar, Kenya and 18 other countries had almost 64 000 germplasm accessions and nearly 50 races of coffee. Among them, there were 20 000 C. arabica accessions, over 5 600 C.eanephora accessions, approximately 2000 C. liberica accessions. Most C. arabiea resources were conserved in Brazil, Cameroon and Cote d＇Ivoire; C.eanephora gerrnplasm accessions were mainly collected in Brazil, C6te d＇Ivoire and Indonesia. The largest number of C.liberica resources were kept in C6te d＇Ivoire. Cote d＇Ivoire ranked first which posses about 22 000 accessions, 31 races; Brazil ranked second which posses approximately 19 000, 13 races; Ethiopia, Cameroon, costa rica, Colombia, Indonesia, Madagascar, Kenya and the central African center were in the middle; Madagascar hold 41 races of coffee germplasm, which was the richest in the world. About 800 accessions of coffee（C. arabica and C.eanephora） were conserved in China, and large number of coffee resources were distributed in Dehong Tropical Agriculture Research Institute in Yunnan province. It had 518 ermplasm accessions （5 races） by introduction, collection and breeding. Keeping 445 in the coffee garden. 46.7% of which were foreign germplasm.

关 键 词：咖啡 种质保存 小粒种 中粒种 大粒种 

分 类 号：S571.2[农业科学—作物学]