中美小学科学教材知识组织结构对比研究--以“天气”主题为例  

A Comparative Study on the Knowledge Organization of Science Textbooks for Primary School between China and the United States——Taking the Theme of “Weather” as an Example

作　　者：郑泽芝[1] 周璐[1] 赵苗 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学中文系,国家语言资源监测与研究教育教材中心,厦门361005

出　　处：《北华大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第1期1-8,共8页Journal of Beihua University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家语委重点项目“中小学思想品德教材语言实态及表述特征研究”(ZDI-13537);国家语言资源监测与研究教育教材中心项目“新课标思想品德与科学教材用字用词调查”(EJ20131206-05)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：对比研究是发现教材优势、不足,改善教材编写一种途径。本研究以中美3套小学科学教材文本为研究对象,以图通过文本挖掘的方式,揭示中美小学科学教材编写的特点和差异。为使研究结果更加具体化,我们以"天气"知识主题为例,抽取了3套教材的正文文本,构建了知识点标记语料库和数据库,采用数据驱动和知识图谱相结合的方式,直观展示了不同教材知识组织的静态层级结构和动态序列安排,揭示了中美小学科学教材的知识选择和组织的特点。本研究从结构、分布、数量3个方面,揭示了国内版小学科学教材陈述性知识内容提供不足,以及在知识选择和组织安排上存在的问题。The comparative study is a measure to discover the characteristics,deficiencies and ways to improve the preparation of teaching materials.In this study,three different versions textbooks of science for primary schools in China and the United States are taken as the research objects.The study wishes to reveal the characteristics and differences of the compilation of science textbooks in China and the United States by the way of text mining.In order to make the research results more specific,this paper,taking the theme of ＂weather＂as an example,extracts the body texts of three sets of textbooks,builds a knowledge point tagged corpus and database,and uses the combination of data-driven and knowledge maps to visualize the static hierarchical structure and dynamic sequence arrangement of different textbook knowledge organizations,to reveal the knowledge choice and organization characteristics of the science textbooks for primary schools between China and the United States.The research reveals the problems existing in knowledge selection knowledge supply and knowledge organization and arrangement of the textbooks of the domestic primary schools from the aspects of structure,distribution and quantity of the contents of the declarative knowledge.

关 键 词：中美比较 小学科学教材 知识图谱 知识结构 知识组织 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语] G423.3[文化科学—课程与教学论]