从道德教化的维度对孟荀人性论的再考察  

The Reconsideration on the Theory of Human Nature of Mencius and Xuncius from the Perspective of Moral Education

作　　者：闫咏梅 

机构地区：[1]南开大学马克思主义学院,天津300350 [2]山西师范大学政法学院,山西临汾041004

出　　处：《北京教育学院学报》2018年第1期39-44,共6页Journal of Beijing Institute of Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"出土文献视野下战国儒学的传播与流变研究"(17BZX052)

摘　　要：先秦儒家思想中,有孟子人性善与荀子人性恶的立论。二者表面针锋相对,实则殊途同归。孟荀各自从不同的角度阐释了何为人性,进而得出了人性是善是恶的价值判断。立论不同,伦理思想的论证方式与向善的途径则不同,但二者皆依其对人性的判定,设计致善的途径与方法,并进而思考基于此人性,如何达致社会大治,天下太平。表面看,荀子以人性恶立论,对人性的看法比孟子消极、悲观、现实,但他并未由此走向悲观,成为宿命论者。相反,荀子更加强调后天学习与教育的必要性,强调发挥人自身的主观能动性,认为只要积极"肯为",人人都可成为道德高尚之人,涂之人可以为禹。从社会层面讲,在社会动荡年代与社会转型期,人性恶立论为建立公民底线伦理与公共伦理道德奠定了理论基石,而底线伦理与公共伦理又为调节公民的日常行为与公共生活行为提供了有效的道德规范和道德准则,有利于良好社会秩序的建立与维护。In the pre-Qin Dynasty＇s Confucianism,there were the different views between the theory of original goodness of human nature of Mencius and original evil of Xuncius. Though they have a contradiction in surface,they have a common destination. They have explained what＇s the human nature from different perspectives and concluded the goodness or evil about the human nature. Although they have different views and different ways of argumentation,but they have all devised the ways and methods to the goodness from the judging to human nature and further thinking on how the country achieved the whole peace according to this kind of human nature.By contrast,Xuncius has a more passive,pessimistic and realistic view than Mencius. However,perhaps,there are some more active factors hidden in back. Xuncius made the theory of human nature evil,but he did not therefore become pessimistic and become a fatalist. On the contrary,Xuncius more emphasized the necessity of acquired learning and acquired education. Give full play to people＇s own subjective initiative,as long as the positive ＂willingness to be＂,everyone can accomplish noble moral person. From the social perspective,in the period of social turmoil and social transition,the theory of evil of human nature lays the theoretical foundation for establishing the bottom line ethics and public ethics of citizens,while the bottom line ethics and public ethics also provide the effective moral norms and ethical standards for citizens＇ daily behavior and public life behavior,which are conducive to the establishment and maintenance of good social order.

关 键 词：道德教化 孟子 荀子 人性善 人性恶 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]