认知控制在发散性思维中的作用  

The role of cognitive control in divergent thinking

作　　者：滕静 沈汪兵[2] 郝宁[1] TENG Jing1, SHEN Wangbing2, HAO Ning1(1 School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; 2 School of Public Administration and Institute of Applied Psychology, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, Chin)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院,上海200062 [2]河海大学公共管理学院暨应用心理研究所,南京210098

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2018年第3期411-422,共12页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(17YJA190007);上海市哲学社会科学规划一般项目(2017BSH008);上海市曙光计划项目(16SG25)资助

摘　　要：探讨认知控制在发散性思维中的作用是当前创造力研究领域的热点问题。目前一致认为认知控制包括工作记忆、抑制控制和认知灵活性三个核心成分。工作记忆对个体在发散性思维中维持任务目标、提取和操作信息发挥重要作用;抑制控制,包括优势反应抑制、分心干扰抑制和对潜在相关信息的低抑制,分别压制对常规观点的提取、确保对内在注意状态的维持和提供更多观念的组合,进而促进个体的发散性思维表现。此外,流体智力作为一种高级认知控制能力,可通过增强策略使用的灵活性从而利于发散性思维。近来神经科学研究表明,发散性思维不同阶段需要执行控制网络和默认网络的动态协同加工。未来研究应澄清认知控制各子成分间的关系,探讨认知控制影响发散性思维是否受到其他因素(如动机和情绪)的调节,以及探索执行控制网络和默认网络的动态协作是否受到任务要求和个体差异(如人格和智力)的影响。The role of cognitive control in divergent thinking is one of the concerns in the field of creativity research. Many scholars consider that core cognitive control involves working memory, cognitive inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. Working memory plays an important role in task goal maintenance and the retrieval and manipulation of the task-related information during divergent thinking. Different types of cognitive inhibition may affect divergent thinking in diverse ways. For example, proponent response inhibition can be used for suppressing retrieval of common ideas; resistance to task-unrelated interference can be used for maintaining proper internally-directed attention, and low resistance to potentially irrelevant stimulus can be adopted for providing all possible combinations of concepts. In addition, as a high-order cognitive control, fluid intelligence can contribute to divergent thinking through enhancing the flexibility of strategies uses. In recent years, extensive neuroscience studies have demonstrated the involvement of cooperation between default mode network and executive control network in different stages of creative cognition. Based on present findings, future research should aim to：（1） distinguish conceptual relationships among subcomponents of cognitive control;（2） explore whether the effect of cognitive control on divergent thinking could be modulated by other potential factors, such as motivation or emotion;（3） investigate whether individual differences or task demand influence the dynamic interplay between cognitive control network and default mode network.

关 键 词：发散性思维 认知控制 抑制 工作记忆 流体智力 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]