颜色词的语用关系影响颜色认知  

On how conceptual connections influence the category perception effect of colors: Another evidence of connections between language and cognition

作　　者：张积家[1] 陈栩茜[2] 尤宁 王斌 ZHANG Jijia;CHEN Xuqian;YOU Ning;WANG Bin(Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China,The State Ethnic Affairs Commission Key Research, Center for Language, Cultural, and Psychology,Key Research Center for National Psychology and Education, the National Education Development Center of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100872, China;Center for Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;Huidong Vocational Middle School, Huidong 516300, China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学心理学系国家民委民族语言文化心理重点研究基地教育部民族教育发展中心民族心理与教育重点研究基地,北京100872 [2]华南师范大学心理应用研究中心,广州501631 [3]广东省惠东县惠东职业中学,广东惠东516300

出　　处：《心理学报》2018年第4期390-399,共10页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校科研业务费专项资金资助)项目"语言影响人格:来自双语者与双言者的行为与电生理证据"(项目编号:17XNL002)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在汉语中,红、紫、蓝、绿都有各自的语言标签。但在日常语用中,"红"与"紫"比"蓝"与"绿"的语用关系更加密切。"红"与"紫"具有更多的联合表达,具有更为类似的颜色感应。采用颜色相似性判断、颜色分类和颜色再认任务,考察汉语母语者对"红–紫"色块和"蓝–绿"色块的认知,探讨语用关系对颜色认知的影响。结果表明,语用关系不影响汉语母语者的颜色相似性判断,却影响颜色分类和颜色再认。与"蓝–绿"色块比,汉语母语者在包含记忆成分任务中对"红–紫"色块具有认知劣势。整个研究表明,由语用关系引起的颜色感应在颜色认知中起着重要调节作用,记忆编码在此过程中起着直接作用。According to linguistic relevance hypothesis（LRH）, people have the ability to categorize the world that they have experienced, influenced by language and culture. Thus, researchers who agree with LRH argued that people with different language organizing experiences should have different world schemas.Some relevant arguments came from research on the relationship between color word and color cognition： color perception should be influenced by the physical properties of the light wave and the biological characteristics of the human eye, and also by language and culture.Although there is no clear boundary among the various visible light–waves from red to violet at the perceptual level, the continuous spectrum is divided into different color regions. In the literature, a ＂color category perception effect＂ was proposed that people were more likely to distinguish colors from different colors than those that landed in the same area. However, it has still lacked of discussions on the essential mechanism of this effect. Namely, it is still not clear whether this effect is a perceptual phenomenon or cultural phenomenon（i.e., effects from language application and language labels）. Using perceptual task（Experiment 1） and classification tasks containing memory（Experiment 2 and 3）, assumption that language application and language labels affect color categorizing was tested in the present study. In Chinese, there are clear and distinct language labels for colors RED, PURPLE, BLUE, and GREEN in Chinese, but intensities of relevance between RED and PURPLE and between BLUE and GREEN are different in everyday expressions（language application）： connection of the mental conception（conceptual connection） between RED and PURPLE is much closer than those between BLUE and GREEN. With the boundary colors of the ＂red–purple＂ color pair（RGB： 255, 0, 255） and the ＂blue–green＂ color pair（RGB： 0, 255, 255） as base points, a vertical demarcation line was drawn on the RGB chromatography.

关 键 词：颜色认知 语言 颜色感应 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]