土壤酸度对茶树根际土壤微生物群落多样性影响  

Effect of Soil Acidity on Microbial Diversity in Rhizospheric Soils of Tea Plants

作　　者：王海斌[1,2] 陈晓婷[1] 丁力[1] 邱丰艳[1] 叶江华[3] 贾小丽[3] 孔祥海[1] 何海斌[2] WANG Haibin;CHEN Xiaoting;DING Li;QIU Fengyan;YE Jianghua;JIA Xiaoli;KONG Xianghai;HE Haibin(College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian University of Agriculture and Forestry Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China;Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian 354300, China)

机构地区：[1]龙岩学院生命科学学院,福建龙岩364012 [2]福建农林大学福建省农业生态过程与安全监控重点实验室,福建福州350002 [3]武夷学院,福建武夷山354300

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2018年第3期448-454,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2016YFD0200900);国家948项目(No.2014-Z36);闽台作物特色种质创制与绿色栽培协同创新中心(No.2015-75);中国博士后科学基金(No.2016M600493);福建省自然科学基金青年基金(No.2017J05057);福建省农业生态过程与安全监控重点实验室(福建农林大学)开放基金(No.NYST-2017-01);福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(No.JAT170573);龙岩学院人才引进项目(No.LB2015001)

摘　　要：为了分析茶树根际土壤酸度对微生物多样性的影响,本研究以不同树龄铁观音茶树根际土壤为研究对象,分析不同树龄铁观音茶树根际土壤p H值、微生物群落结构的多样性及其相关性。结果表明,茶树根际土壤的p H值随着茶树树龄的增加呈现下降趋势。茶树根际土壤共检测到20个PLFAs,其中细菌、真菌、放线菌、原生动物的个数分别为15、2、2、1;其中,细菌、放线菌、原生动物及总体标记性PLFAs总量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,而真菌PLFAs总量则相反,且不同树龄间差异达到显著水平;茶树根际土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌总量的荧光定量PCR结果验证了上述PLFAs测定的准确性。进一步分析发现,不同的PLFAs主要划分成2大成分,即主成分1和主成分2,贡献率分别为73.06%和25.51%,而与主成分1呈显著或极显著相关的PLFAs主要为细菌、放线菌、真菌和原生动物,而与主成分2呈显著或极显著相关的主要为细菌;相关性分析结果表明,与土壤酸度呈显著或极显著正相关的微生物PLFAs标记11个,包含细菌、放线菌和原生动物,而呈显著或极显著负相关的微生物PLFAs标记6个,包含细菌和真菌。综上表明,土壤酸化程度随着茶树树龄的增加而增强,酸化可能导致微生物群落结构多样性发生了显著的变化。本研究为退化茶园的修复及其酸化土壤的改良,进而保证茶叶产量,提高茶叶品质提供一定的理论支持。To explore the effect of soil acidity on the microbial diversity in the rhizospheric soil of tea plants, the pH value and microbial diversity of the rhizospheric soils collected from ＂Tieguanyin＂ cultivar with different planted ages were determined. The results showed that the pH value of the rhizospheric soils decreased as the planted ages increased. There were 20 phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers （PLFAs）, including 15 bacteria, 2 fungi, 2 actinomycetes and 1 protozoa, in the rhizospherie soils of tea plants. The amount of total PLFAs, and PLFA numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes, and protozoa were raised firstly and then declined, while the PLFA numbers of fungi showed an opposite trend. There were significant differences between different ages. The results were confirmed by the results of fluorescence quantitative PCR on numbers of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. Furthermore, PLFAs could be divided into two principle components, including PC1 and PC2, with contributing rates of 73.06% and 25.51%, respectively. PC1 was correlated significantly with bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and protozoa, and PC2 correlated significantly with bacteria. The 11 PFLAs including bacteria, actinomycetes and protozoa were significantly and positively correlated with soil acidity, and 6 PFLAs including bacteria and fungi were significantly and negatively correlated with soil acidity. In brief, as the increase of planted ages, the acidity in the rhizospheric soils of tea tree declined and the soil microbial diversity significantly changed. This study provided theoretical support for the restoration of degraded tea gardens and the improvement of their acidified soils, thereby ensuring the tea yield and improving tea quality.

关 键 词：茶树树龄 PH值 根际土壤 微生物多样性 磷脂脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]