韩非子道论及其政治构想  被引量:6

Han Feizi’s Theory of Dao(道) and Corresponding Political Sheme

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作  者:宋洪兵[1] Song Hongbing

机构地区:[1]中国人民大学国学院

出  处:《政法论坛》2018年第3期51-65,共15页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基  金:中国人民大学科学研究基金“明德青年学者计划”项目“韩非子思想的当代价值研究”(第2期)研究成果,项目编号:13XNJ012

摘  要:在韩非子的整体思想中,若论格位,道为最高。韩非子论道,意在凸显道的绝对权威性,由此方能为其政治构想奠定基础。道、理、形、名、法,构成了韩非子道法思想的关键逻辑链条,韩非子的法也因此而获得了道的品格。若说道在韩非子整个思想体系中格位最高,那么,在韩非子的政治思想中格位最高的,非法莫属。道-德-虚-静(无为)-神序列所构成的虚静无为之术与道-理-形-名(法)序列的形名之术,共同构成了韩非子的术治思想。韩非子的势,实质亦由道推导而来。道-德-静-位-势(主观层面)与道-臣主之理(事理)-臣主之形-臣主之名-臣主之分-臣主之位-主之势(客观层面)共同构成了韩非子的势治思想。名、分、位,均以礼来加以呈现,故又可说势的依据在礼,终极依据在道。韩非子政治思想是以道论为理论核心、法术势为制度框架的政治思想体系,旨在构建一个以道为指导原则的法治理想国。法术势同源而异用,皆以道为依归,又各具独特的政治功能,共同撑起了韩非子的政治理论大厦。From the holistic perspective of Han Feizi' s thought, Dao (道) is in the highest position in term of his concepts' class level. In elaborating Dao (道), Han Feizi aims at emphasizing the absolute authority of Dao (道), by which he could lay a solid foundation for his political thought structure. Dao (道), Li (理), Xing (形), Ming(名), Fa(法) they constitute the main logic chain of Hart Feizi' s Dao (道) Fa (法) thought, thereby his Fa (法) obtains the character of Dao (道). Providing the Dao (道) is in the highest position of Han Feizi' s whole system, there's no doubt that Fa(法) is in the corresponding highest position in his political thought. The Shu (术) of static inaction in the order of Dao (道) - De(德) -Xu(虚) -Jing 静 (Wuwei 无为) - Shen(神) and the Shu of Xingming(形名术) by the sequence of Dao(道) - Li (理) - Xing ( 形 ) - Ming ( 名 ) - Fa (法) constitute nan Feizi' s Shu governance (术治 ) thought. Meanwhile, Han Feizi' s Shi is also deduced from Dao ( 道) in essence. Dao(道) De ( 德 ) - Jing (静) - Wei (位) - Shi 势 (Subjective) and Dao(道) - the principle (事理) - Xing(形) - Ming( 名 ) - Fen(分)Wei(位)-Shi(势)between subject and monarch (Objective) form Han Feizi' s Shi governance(势治)thought. Ming(名 ), Fen)(分) and Wei(位) all present their character by way of Li(礼). As a result, we can conclude that Shi depends directly on Li(礼) and ultimately on Dao(道). Han Feizi' s political thought relies on Dao(道) as its core and on Fa(法) -Shu(术) -Shi(势) as its political system structure, aiming to construct a legal ideal country abiding by the principle of Dao( 道 ). Fa ( 法), Shu ( 术 ) and Shi ( 势 ) have homologous origin and function respectively, for they all derive from Dao(道) but poss

关 键 词:韩非子 道论 道法 道术 道势 

分 类 号:D092[政治法律—政治学]

 

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