超声波处理对小米脂肪提取率及脂肪酸组成的影响  

Influences of ultrasonic treatment on fat extraction rate and fatty acid composition of millet

作　　者：崔素萍[1] 张卓敏 贾鹏宇 张洪微[1] 左豫虎 高玉荣[1] CUI Su-ping1, ZHANG Zhuo-min1, JIA Peng-yu2, ZHANG Hong-wei1, ZUO Yu-hu1, GAO Yu-rong1(1 .College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319; 2.National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 16331)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,大庆163319 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学国家杂粮工程技术研究中心,大庆163319

出　　处：《食品科技》2018年第5期181-185,共5页Food Science and Technology

基　　金：黑龙江省大庆市科技局项目(zd-2016-080);黑龙江省研究生创新科研资金项目(YJSCX2016-Y40)

摘　　要：目的:明确超声波处理对小米脂肪提取率及脂肪酸组成的影响。方法:采用索氏提取法和超声波辅助索氏提取法对6种小米中的脂肪进行提取,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对小米中脂肪酸种类进行测定及分析。结果:6种小米中都含有棕榈酸、顺-13-十八烯酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸、山嵛酸和壬醛甲酯。其中不饱和脂肪酸总量占比76.69%~88.62%,主要为油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸,分别占比15.95%~30.55%、44.35%~68.04%和0%~2.79%;饱和脂肪酸总量占比11.51%~23.31%,主要为棕榈酸和硬脂酸。结论:超声波辅助提取法使脂肪的提取率平均提高了30.36%,而对小米中脂肪酸的种类和含量几乎没有影响。因此,超声波可用于小米中脂肪的辅助提取。Objective： To study the effects of ultrasonic treatment on fat extraction rate and fatty acid composition of six millet varieties. Method： the fats were extracted by Soxhlet extraction and ultrasonic assisted Soxhlet extraction. The fatty acids of millet were measured and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）. Result： Results were showed that： There were 9 kinds of fatty acid compositions, including palmitic acid, cis-13-octadecenoic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid and nonanal methyl ester fatty acid in six millet varieties. The total amounts of unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 76.69%-88.62%, mainly oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, accounting for 15.95%-30.55%, 44.35%-68.04% and 0%-2.79%, respectively. The total saturated fatty acids accounted for 11.51%-23.31%. The main components of the saturated fatty acids were the palmitic acid and stearic acid. Conclusion： The extraction rates of fat increased by 30.36%, but there was little effects on the type and contents of fatty acids in millet. Thus, ultrasonic can be used to extract the fat of millet.

关 键 词：小米 索氏提取 超声波 脂肪酸 气相色谱-质谱 

分 类 号：R284.2[医药卫生—中药学]