反馈类型和反馈时间对动作技能获得的影响  

Feedback Type and Time in Motor Skill Acquisitions

作　　者：冯霞 冯文锋[1] 冯成志[1] Feng Xia;Feng Wenfeng;Feng Chengzhi(Department of Psychology, Soochow University,Suzhou, 215123)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学心理系,苏州215123

出　　处：《心理科学》2018年第3期533-539,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX17_1960);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(17YJA880019)的资助

摘　　要：基于简单直线运动任务和复杂曲线追踪任务,在动作技能获得阶段考察不同反馈类型和反馈时间对操作绩效的影响。结果发现,在复杂曲线追踪任务中,接受运动轨迹反馈的被试组比接受偏差数值反馈组的成绩更好;即时反馈和延迟反馈组的操作绩效间无显著差异。简单直线运动任务中,提供落点偏差的图形反馈组成绩始终优于提供"远/近"信息的文本反馈组;在练习初期,即时反馈组成绩更好。说明,能直观提供关键改善点的反馈形式利于动作技能获得;反馈时间对动作技能的影响因任务难度而异。Effective feedback plays an important role in motor learning. The feedback itself includes many levels of characters. The purpose of this study is to investigate what kinds of feedback time and type facilitate acquisition of the motor skill. It is worth mentioning that the study focuses on motor skill acquisition, not retention.Easy and hard motor tasks were used. In the easy part, the participants had to control the ball’s stop point through the key response of either ＂ctrl＋↑＂ or ＂ctrl＋↓＂. The actual path was blocked by the board and the smaller the distance between the target and actual points, the better the performance. In the hard task, the participants had to track the ball’s moving path as accurately as possible. They completed the task by controlling the mouse. Also, the actual moving path was not shown. In both experiments, we defined the feedback time as immediateness and 4 s delay. The feedback type was another variable. The ball moved straight in the easy task. Then after its stop, feedback was given. A word or a picture was shown to the different groups. The word was either ＂near＂ or ＂far＂ while the picture showed two points at the same time-one was the target point and the other was the ball’s actual stop point. Similarly, a number or a picture was given separately in the hard task. The number told the participants how far the actual track was away from the target; the picture showed the tracking path directly. In both tasks, they learned from the feedback and tried to do better in the next trial. Finally, the difference between the target value and the actual value was recorded and analyzed.ANOVAs revealed that based on the two tasks, feedback time and type influenced motor skill acquisition differently. In the hard one, there was no difference in the two levels of feedback time. Participants’ tracking skill improved significantly after the real trajectory was shown to them. However, in the simple task, they learned not only from words but also from pictures. It shou

关 键 词：即时反馈 延迟反馈 反馈类型 动作技能获得 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]