小学生在交通情境中的视觉搜索:发展的观点  

The Development of Pupil's Visual Search in Traffic Situation

作　　者：王华容[1] 施利承[1] 缪绿青[1] 谭顶良 Wang Huarong;Shi Licheng;Miao Lvqing;Tan Dingliang(Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019;School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097)

机构地区：[1]南通大学航海医学研究所,南通226019 [2]南京师范大学心理学院,南京210097

出　　处：《心理科学》2018年第3期601-607,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(16YJC880072);工效学会-津发优秀青年学者联合研究基金项目;江苏省社会科学基金青年项目(15JYC003)的资助

摘　　要：为探讨小学生在交通情境中的视觉搜索发展,研究以一、二、四和六年级小学生及成人为被试,采用"找不同"任务和过马路决策眼动任务进行实验。结果发现,一、二年级小学生"找不同"的效率低于成人;一年级小学生冒险及错失过马路比例均较高;小学生的眼跳特征与成人相似,但对兴趣区的关注低于成人;女生错失过马路比例高于男生,视觉搜索水平及搜索策略的性别差异不显著。研究表明,小学生的视觉搜索能力随年龄逐渐提高,但搜索的有效性低于成人,性别分化不明显。Visual search is an important component of pedestrians’ interaction with traffic situation, which allowing them to successfully identify external cues that impact their decision-making. Previous research has identified that children under the age of 14 are particularly vulnerable to road accidents as pedestrians, and a number of motivational and cognitive skill factors which may play a part in it. Studies have shown that children with low visual search are more likely to take risks when crossing the road. However, in traffic situations, whether children’s level of visual search, and searching strategy is the same with that of the adults is less mentioned in previous studies. This study aims to explore the development of pupils’ visual search as pedestrians.The sample consisted of 160 Chinese pupils from a common primary urban school, including 42 in Grade 1, 43 in Grade 2, 41 in Grade 4 and 34 in Grade 6. In addition, 41 adult volunteers aged between 18 and 27 were recruited from a university in Nantong city. All subjects completed two experiments： ‘spot the difference’ was used to assess subject’s visual search ability, while visual search strategies were studied by analyzing the eye movements of the children and the adults while they were carrying out the video task. In experiment 1, there were 34 pairs of pictures chosen as stimulus materials, including 30 pairs for experiment and 4 pairs for practice. The subjects were asked to spot all the differences on each of the picture pairs as quickly as possible, but they were not told there were how many differences in each pair. In experiment 2, a simulated road environment of moving traffic was designed by video designers. The subjects’ eye movement was recorded by Smart Eye 3 D Eye Tracking System. Participants were instructed to observe the traffic video, and give a response when they thought it was safe to cross.The results showed that as pupils growing, their efficiency in ＂spot the differences＂ task improved continuously. However, pupils in

关 键 词：视觉搜索 小学生 找不同 眼动 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]