安徽省某高校医学新生膳食质量与膳食模式调查  

Survey on dietary quality and dietary pattern among medical freshmen in a university of Anhui Province

作　　者：杨立英 谢虹[1] 于园园 YANG Li-ying;XIE Hong;YU Yuan-yuan(Department of Nursing, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Anhui, 233030, Chin)

机构地区：[1]蚌埠医学院护理学系,安徽蚌埠233030

出　　处：《职业与健康》2018年第9期1178-1182,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划基金(15YJAZH085);省思政振兴计划项目(Szzgih3-12);蚌埠医学院研究生科研创新计划资助项目(Byycx1631)

摘　　要：目的调查和评价安徽省某高校医学新生膳食质量和膳食模式,针对医学生膳食失衡问题提出建议。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法对安徽省某医学院219名新生进行为期3天的膳食调查,应用修订后的中国膳食平衡指数(DBI-07)对饮食数据进行评价。结果安徽省某高校医学新生膳食质量处于中度失衡状态(DQD=36.2),同时存在低度摄入不足(LBS=26.6)和低度摄入过量(HBS=9.5);76.7%学生谷类摄入超标,90%以上学生蔬菜和水果摄入量不足,79.9%学生鱼虾等水产品摄入低于20 g/d,75.3%学生不喝奶制品。与女生相比,男生摄入过量和摄入不足显著(P<0.05),父母小学及以下学历与父母中学及大学学历组学生摄入不足差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。模式B的学生比例最大(43.8%),而最优模式A仅为12.7%。结论来自农村地区的学生伙食费较低,父母受教育程度不高,缺乏合理膳食意识,男女横向比较发现,男生膳食搭配较不平衡。需加强学校临床营养教育,增强合理膳食意识,调整膳食结构,适当增加蔬菜、水果、奶类、水产品和水摄入量,提高新生的膳食质量。[Objective]To investigate and evaluate the dietary quality and dietary pattern of medical freshmen in a university of Anhui Province,give some suggestions on the problem of dietary imbalance in medical students.[Methods]A stratified cluster sampling method was applied to collect 219 freshmen in a medical college and the 3-day dietary survey was performed. he revised Chinese dietary balance index（DBI-07） was used to evaluate the dietary data.[Results]Diet quality of medical freshmen in a university of Anhui Province was in a moderate imbalance state（DQD=36.2）,at the same time,there was slight insufficient intake（LBS=26.6） and slight excessive intake（HBS=9.5）. 76.7% of the students＇ cereal intake exceeded the standard,more than 90% of the students＇ intake of vegetables and fruits was insufficient,79.9% students had the intake of fish and other aquatic products less than 20 g/d,and 75.3% of students did not drink milk. Compared with the girls,excessive intake and insufficient intake of boys were more significant（P〈0.05）. The difference in insufficient intake was statistically significant between students whose parents have the education level of primary school and below and those whose parents have the education level of middle school and university（P〈0.05）. The proportion of students in model B was the largest（43.8%）,while the proportion of students in optimal model A was only 12.7%.[Conclusion]The students from rural areas have lower food costs,less educated parents,and lack of reasonable dietary awareness. Compared with the girls,boys＇ dietary collocation is not balanced. It is necessary to strengthen the clinical nutrition education in school,enhance the sense of reasonable diet,adjust the dietary structure,increase the intake of vegetables,fruits,dairy products,aquatic products and water,and improve the dietary quality of freshmen.

关 键 词：营养调查 膳食平衡指数 医学生 膳食质量 膳食模式 

分 类 号：R153.9[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]