美国一流本科教育的改革与发展趋势  

Current Reform and Future Trends of Undergraduate Education in Top Universities in the U. S.

作　　者：尚红娟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海市教育科学研究院 [2]复旦大学

出　　处：《现代大学教育》2018年第3期37-48,112,共12页Modern University Education

基　　金：国家留学基金委员会2017国外访学专项调研的阶段性成果

摘　　要：美国的大学作为学习机构旨在提供充分的学习机会,满足学生的学习权利;本科教育被视为终身教育的重要组成,旨在让学生"学习如何学习"。在本科学习阶段,学校特别注重培养学生的批判性思维和好奇心,强调学生的写作、阅读、查询、定量分析以及沟通等五大核心能力;以桥梁课程、本科研究、新生研讨会、学习社区、学术咨询等为平台丰富学生,特别是一年级新生的学习体验;鼓励学生的创新与创业,促进学生的公平入学,从而加强学生的在校保留以及成功毕业。Universities in the United States are learning institutions aiming to provide adequate learning opportunities and guarantee equal rights of learning for students. Similarly,undergraduate education in the U. S. has long been regarded as an important component of lifelong education,aiming at enabling students to "learn how to learn". During undergraduate years,the university attaches great importance to cultivating among students curiosity,critical thinking skills as well as five core competencies( namely,writing,reading,data mining,quantitative analysis and communication). Through various platforms such as Pathway Program,Undergraduate Research Program,Freshman Seminar or Orientation,Learning Community,Academic Consultation,the university tries to enrich students 'learning experience and encourage innovation or entrepreneurship so as to improve student retention and graduation rates.

关 键 词：一流大学 学习机会 学习权利 学习体验 批判性思维 好奇心 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]