永登鲁土司衙门壁画调查中的原位-无损分析技术应用  

On the Application of Nondestructive In-Situ Analysis on Wall Paintings of the Lu Tusi Yamen Building in Yongdeng County

作　　者：陈港泉[1] 于宗仁[1] 柴勃隆[1] 崔强[1] 张文元[1] 王小伟[1] 付鹏[1] CHEN Gangquan;YU Zongren;CHAI Bolong;CUI Qiang;ZHANG Wenyuan;WANG Xiaowei;FU Peng(National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites, Dunhuang Academy, Dunhuang, Gansu 73620)

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院国家古代壁画与土遗址保护工程技术研究中心,甘肃敦煌736200

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2018年第3期28-37,共10页Dunhuang Research

基　　金：世界银行贷款甘肃文化自然遗产保护与开发项目"魏晋墓砖壁画保护研究和鲁土司衙门妙因寺壁画保护研究"(7542-CN)

摘　　要：本研究以鲁土司衙门晚期建筑塔尔殿和早期建筑万岁殿壁画为例,采用多光谱成像、便携式X-荧光仪(XRF)、便携式近红外光谱仪(NIR)、便携式数码显微镜等无损分析技术,在遗址现场对壁画的制作材料、工艺、历史干预等进行调查研究。多光谱摄影调查发现塔尔殿壁画所用颜料成份复杂。万岁殿主殿壁画局部有重绘现象,回廊壁画没有发现重绘和修改的现象,属明代早期原绘壁画。采用XRF结合NIR原位-无损分析相互提供佐证信息,可以确定绝大部分颜料,并经室内XRD分析验证。壁画的主要颜料红色为铅丹、朱砂,绿色为巴黎绿、氯铜矿、石绿,蓝色为人造群青、石青,黄色为雌黄、金,白色以铅白、石灰为主。部分颜料如黄色、蓝色,使用有机颜料可能性极大。氯铜矿和石青只发现于万岁殿回廊。壁画颜料使用时代特征明显。四种原位-无损分析方法结合,可以应用于壁画类不可移动文物制作材料分析、价值认知、干预历史调查等方面并取得良好的效果。This study has chosen imperial offices as case studies, namely the Wansui Palace built in the early period of Chieftain Lu and the Taer Palace from a later period. The nondestructive analysis techniques of multispectral imaging, portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer（ XRF）, portable near infrared spectrometer（NIR）, and portable digital microscopes were used for the in-situ investigation of the production materials and technologies and the historical alteration of the wall paintings. A result of particular note is that the multi-spectral imaging suggests that the pigments used in the Taer Temple are of a highly complicated chemical nature that will require further analysis. The wall paintings in the main hall of the Wansui Temple have been partly repainted but those in the cloister remain untouched, showing that the paintings in the latter are original artworks dating from the early Ming dynasty. The vast majority of pigments have been identified by using XRF together with NIR and verified by laboratory XRD analysis. The results show that the main pigments of the wall paintings, which exhibit obvious temporal characteristics requiring further understanding, contain lead tetraoxide,cinnabar, emerald green, atacamite, malachite, artificial ultramarine, azurite, gold, orpiment, white lead, and calcite. It should be noted that some pigments, those used for yellow and blue coloring for example, are very likely to be organic pigments; also, atacamite and azurite were only found in the corridor of the Wansui Temple. The combined use of these four in-situ nondestructive research methods is very promising for application to the analysis of immovable relics and it is hoped that this approach can be applied to other delicate cultural objects with similar success.

关 键 词：鲁土司衙门 壁画颜料 原位-无损分析 

分 类 号：O433.4[机械工程—光学工程]