甲骨文所见殷商时期的防灾活动  

The Disaster Prevention Activities of the Shang Dynasty Recorded by Inscriptions on Oracle Bones

作　　者：刘继刚[1] LIU Ji-gang(Humanities College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学人文学院,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《中国农史》2018年第3期31-38,共8页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金项目"甲骨文所见殷商灾害研究"(12CZS046);"2014年河南省教育厅创新人才计划"阶段性成果

摘　　要：甲骨文中有许多反映殷人防灾活动的辞例。从卜辞记载来看,殷人已懂得在灾前采取一些预防举措。此可分为消极防御与积极防御两种。殷人尚鬼,认为天神、地祗和人鬼主宰着灾害,且由巫人主持,以酒肉、黍稷为祭品,通过歌舞鼓乐等形式多样、内容丰富的祭祀活动对其进行祷告,以期能消灾避难。此类方式是消极的。殷人还通过对天文、气象的占卜,不断掌握自然界变化的规律,尽量规避灾害天气给生产和生活带来的不利;商王重视农业生产,经常派人或亲自到各地视察农情。这些方式对灾害防御具有积极意义。There are many oracle inscriptions reflecting the disaster prevention activities in the Shang Dy- nasty, which provides reliable evidence for the study of disasters during this per/od. According to the contents of oracle inscriptions, the Yin people have learned to take some precautionary measures before the disaster, which can be divided into two kinds： passive prevention and active prevention. The Shang people worshipped gods from the heaven and the hell and ghosts and believed that it was they who dominated disasters, so presided by wizards, with meat, alcohol and crops as sacrifices and through a variety of dancing, singing and drumming and other ac- tivities, they prayed to gods and ghosts to avoid disasters, which are passive measures. The Yin people also learned to grasp the law of natural changes by means of astronomical and meteorological divination so as to avoid the influence of disaster weather on people＇ s production and life. The king of the Shang Dynasty attached impor- tance to agricultural production and often sent people or personally went to all parts of the country inspecting crop planting, millet sacrifices and granaries, which are of positive significance to disaster prevention.

关 键 词：甲骨文 殷商 防灾 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]