日本稻作祭祀文化内涵及其遗产保护经验  

The Connotation of Japanese Paddy Cultivation Sacrificial Culture and the Experience of Heritage Protection

作　　者：李红[1] LI Hong(College of Foreign Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学外国语学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《中国农史》2018年第3期136-144,共9页Agricultural History of China

摘　　要：日本稻作祭祀类型多样,主要包括"正月行事"、"農耕祭事"、"祈年祭"、"御田植祭"、"田楽"、"雨乞祭"、"神嘗祭"、"相嘗祭"和"新嘗祭"等丰富内容,是"生死合一"稻作与生命轮回统一的祭祀观念、"稻米有灵"贯穿生活的独特祭祀信仰以及"天地有道""各有条理"的秩序性祭祀形式的高度融合,鲜明地反映了日本人的宗教意识和民俗习惯。为了更好地传承与保护,日本采取了诸如指定其为国家非物质遗产资源、明确具体保护单位、吸纳民间资金、建立保护基金会、鼓励社会力量参与、强化文化和情感纽带、资助后备人才培养、鼓励公益性文化事业发展等措施,收效明显,可为中国相关的非物质文化遗产保护工作提供经验和借鉴。Japanese paddy cultivation contains a wide variety of sacrifices, including the ＂New Year hol- idays even Dengaku The First t＂, ＂agricultural rite＂, ＂ Kinen-sai Festival （a prayer service for a good crop）＂, ＂rice-planting ritual＂, （ritual music and dancing in shrines and temples）＂, ＂Kannamesai （a ceremony to pray for rain）＂, Fruits Festival＂, ＂Ainam---sai Festival （a prayer to offer new crops）＂, ＂Niinamesai （the Harvest Festival）＂ and so on. It manefests the high integration of the sacrifice concept of ＂unity of life and death＂ of rice and life reincarnation, the unique worship towards that ＂rice has a spirit＂ throughout the life, and the orderly sacrificial forms based on the concept that ＂Heaven and earth have a way＂ and ＂everything is well-ordered＂. All of these vividly demonstrate Japanese religious consciousness and folk customs. In order to better inherit and protect paddy cultivation sacrificial culture, Japan has adopted various effective measures, such as desig- nating it as funds, estab the national intangible heritage resource, assigning specific protection units, absorbing private lishing protection foundations, encouraging social forces to participate in, strengthening cultural and emotional bonds, supporting the cultivation of reserve talents, and encouraging the development of public welfare. It can provide experience and reference of protecting intangible cultural heritage for China.

关 键 词：日本 稻作 祭祀 文化遗产 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]