从慕课1.0到慕课4.0:创新和颠覆  

From MOOC 1.0 to MOOC 4.0: Innovation and Subversion

作　　者：王文礼[1] WANG Wen-li(College of Education,University of Jinggangshan,JiAn,JiangXi,China 34300)

机构地区：[1]井冈山大学教育学院,江西吉安343009

出　　处：《现代教育技术》2018年第7期92-98,共7页Modern Educational Technology

基　　金：全国教育科学"十三五"规划2017年度教育部重点课题"通往卓越化的历程:1980-2010年美国科学教育的发展与变革"(项目编号:DOA170288)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：慕课既是教学方法的一个重大创新,也是高等教育领域发生的一个颠覆性变革。为此,文章逐一介绍了慕课经历的四个发展时期,重点介绍了各时期慕课的主要类型,如cMOOCs、xMOOCs,Udacity、Coursera和edX,慕课学分认证,GROOC、麻省理工学院的U实验室,并指出:慕课1.0时期的教学特点是一对多,教师给全球受众授课;慕课2.0时期的教学特点是一对一,采取讲座加个人或小组练习的方式;慕课3.0时期的教学特点是多对多,采用大规模分散式对等教学;慕课4.0时期的教学特点是多对一,深入聆听学习者的声音。此外,文章还分析了从慕课1.0到慕课4.0的进化本质和慕课发展始终围绕的两个基本原则,以期推动慕课研究的进一步深入,并为我国慕课的创新和开发提供参考。Massive Open Online Course（MOOC） is not only an important innovation in teaching methods, but also a disruptive change in the field of higher education. Therefore, this paper introduced the four development stages of MOOC, and focused on the main types of MOOC in each stage, such as cMOOCs, xMOOCs, Udacity, Coursera, edX,credit certification of MOOC, GROOC and the MITx U.Lab. Meanwhile, this paper pointed out that the teaching characteristics of MOOC 1.0 were one-to-many and teachers＇ teaching to a global audience. The teaching characteristics of MOOC 2.0 were one-to-one and taking the ways of lecture and individual or group exercise. The teaching characteristics of MOOC 3.0 were many-to-many and using massively decentralized peer teaching. While the teaching characteristics of MOOC 4.0 were many-to-one and deep listening to the voices from learners. In addition, the evolutionary nature of MOOC 1.0 to MOOC 4.0 and the two basic principles that the development of MOOC always centred on were analyzed, expecting to promote the further study of MOOC and provide reference for the innovation and development of MOOC in China.

关 键 词：慕课 教学 学习 创新 颠覆 

分 类 号：G40-057[文化科学—教育学原理]