精英教育还是大众教育?——尼采教育哲学中的矛盾关系及其解决思路  

Elite Education or Mass Education?:Contradictions in Nietzsche's Philosophy of Education and Their Solutions

作　　者：刘良华[1] 覃晓思 LIU Liang-hua;QIN Xiao-si(The Institute of Curriculum and Instruction,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;Office of Academic Affairs,Guangxi University for the Elderly,Nanning 530022,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学课程与教学研究所,上海200062 [2]广西老年大学教务处,广西南宁530022

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第4期65-71,共7页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大课题"叙事的行动研究与教师教育课程改革"(13JJD880016)

摘　　要：尼采教育哲学貌似存在两个矛盾,这两个矛盾给读者带来了相应的困惑:第一,尼采为何既强调权威又重视服从?第二,尼采为何既强调阳刚的权力意志,同时却又重视柔软的宗教与善意的谎言?本研究从尼采的文本出发,从中分析出精英教育与大众教育两个方向。从精英教育与大众教育的分析框架来看,尼采教育哲学中表面的矛盾就会迎刃而解。本研究的结论是,尼采虽重视精英教育以及与之相关的新道德教育,但尼采依然承认大众、大众道德和大众教育的必要。尼采只是不赞成用大众的奴隶道德来压制精英。精英教育的核心内容是意志教育,而大众教育的主要任务是通过宗教和"求假意志"来使大众学会服从。There are two contradictions in Nietzsche＇s philosophy of education. These two contradictions have puzzled readers. First,why did Nietzsche emphasize authority and attach importance to obedience at the same time？Second,why did Nietzsche emphasize masculine power on one hand and also attach importance to soft religion and white lies on the other hand？ Starting from the text of Nietzsche,this study analyzes two directions of elite education and mass education. From the analytical framework of elite education and mass education,the superficial contradictions in Nietzsche＇s philosophy of education will be readily solved. The conclusion of this study is that Nietzsche still recognized the need for mass,public morality and mass education,although Nietzsche attached great importance to elite education and new moral education related to it. Nietzsche simply did not approve of suppressing the elite with the slave morality of the masses. The core content of elite education is will education,and the main task of mass education is to make the masses learn to obey through religion and ＂the quest for false will＂.

关 键 词：精英教育 大众教育 主人道德 奴隶道德 

分 类 号：G40-02[文化科学—教育学原理]