添加纤维素酶对干玉米秸秆与白菜废弃物混贮品质的影响  

Effect of cellulase addition on the quality of dried corn straw and cabbage residue mix silage

作　　者：任海伟[1,2,3] 刘菲菲 王莉 李志忠[1] 王昱[2,3] 孙安琪[1] 沈佳莉 孙文斌 余倩倩 REN Haiwei;LIU Feifei;WANG Li;LI Zhi zhong;WANG Yu;SUN Anqi;SHEN Jiali;SUN Wen bin;YU Qian- qian(School of Life Science and Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;China Western Energy Environment Research Center,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;Key Laboratory of Cornple mentary Energy System of Biomass and Solar Energy,Lanzhou 730050,China;College of Horticulture,South China Agri cultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]兰州理工大学西部能源与环境研究中心,甘肃兰州730050 [3]甘肃省生物质能与太阳能互补供能系统重点实验室,甘肃兰州730050 [4]华南农业大学园艺学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《草业学报》2018年第6期158-167,共10页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51366009,51666010);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(1606RJZA206,1606RJYA287,1606RJZA196);兰州市科技计划项目(2014-2-20);甘肃省高校科研项目(2016A-001);兰州理工大学博士科研启动费(061703)资助

摘　　要：将干玉米秸秆(DCS)与废弃白菜(CW)混合发酵贮存,研究了纤维素酶添加量对混贮品质及微生物多样性的影响。设置对照ME组(无酶添加)、CA组(酶添加量0.1%)和CB组(酶添加量0.3%)3个处理组,密封贮存60d,间隔30d分析其化学组分、发酵品质和微生物多样性。结果表明,贮存30d时CA与CB组中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和纤维素(CL)均显著低于ME组(P<0.05),乳酸(LA)和可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量显著高于ME组(P<0.05),pH和氨氮/总氮(AN/TN)显著低于ME组(P<0.05);60d时3个处理组的乳酸/乙酸(LA/AA)值均高于3,乳酸/总有机酸(LA/TOA)值均高于0.6,其中CB组乳酸发酵强度最好。Miseq高通量测序分析发现,3个处理组在贮存60d期间门水平优势类群为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria),属水平优势类群为类乳杆菌属(Paralactobacillus)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)。腐败菌(e.g.Enterobacter)丰度随时间延长逐渐下降,Paralactobacillus和Lactobacillus丰度逐渐升高,纤维素酶有助于提高乳酸细菌丰度并使腐败细菌丰度下降,强化乳酸发酵。总之,低剂量纤维素酶有助于保存半纤维素(HC)、纤维素(CL)和可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)等组分,且发酵品质良好;高剂量纤维素酶能进一步强化乳酸发酵。综合考虑酶成本与贮存效果,推荐低剂量纤维素酶(0.1%)用于干秸秆和白菜废弃物的混合贮存。Dry corn straw（DCS）and cabbage waste（CW）were mixed and ensiled trans-seasonally;the effect of cellulase addition on silage quality and microbial community diversity were assessed.Three treatments were compared;a control（ME）（no cellulase）,0.1%cellulase（CA）and 0.3%cellulase（CB）.All silages were ensiled for 60 days in airtight containers.Chemical composition and fermentation quality were measured over a 30 day period.Microbial community diversity was analyzed using Miseq high-throughput sequencing technologies.The results showed that neutral detergent fiber（NDF）,acid detergent fiber（ADF）and cellulose（CL）in groups CA and CB were significantly lower than ME after 30 days（P0.05）;pH and ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen ratio（AN/TN）were also significantly lower than ME after 30 days（P0.05）.Lactic acid（LA）and water soluble carbohydrates（WSC）were significantly higher than the ME treatment（P0.05）.Lactic acid to acetic acid ratio＇s（LA/AA）were greater than 3 and LA to total organic acid ratio＇s（LA/TOA）were greater than 0.6 for all treatments after 60 days,but fermentation intensity was highest in the CB treatment.The microbial community diversity results showed that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were dominant at the phylum level,the dominant microflora at the genus level were Paralactobacillus,Lactobacillus and Enterobacter.Over time,the abundance of Enterobacter gradually decreased and the abundance of Paralactobacillus and Lactobacillus increased,which indicated that the addition of cellulase improved the abundance of lactic acid bacteria and reduced the abundance of spoilage bacteria.It was concluded that low cellulase（0.1%）was the most appropriate application rate;it was conducive to the preservation of hemicellulose（HC）,CL and WSC and improved fermentation quality.

关 键 词：干玉米秸秆 白菜废弃物 纤维素酶 混合贮存品质 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]