基肥定深施用装置排肥口位置与施肥深度关系模型  

Relationship model of fertilizer outlet location and fertilizer application depth of depth-fixed application device of base-fertilizer

作　　者：祝清震 武广伟[2] 安晓飞 陈立平[3] 孟志军[3] 赵春江[1,2] Zhu Qingzhen;Wu Guangwei;An Xiaofei;Chen Liping;Meng Zhijun;Zhao Chunjiang(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A＆F University,Yangling 712100,China;Beijing Agricultural Information Technology Research Center,Beijing 100097,China;Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,杨凌712100 [2]北京农业信息技术研究中心,北京100097 [3]北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第13期8-17,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200600;2016YFD0200601);北京市农林科学院院级科技创新团队(JNKYT201607)

摘　　要：针对中国黄淮海地区冬小麦基肥施用过程中化肥无序投送造成的过量施用、利用率低的问题,结合现有的冬小麦旋耕施肥作业的农艺特点,该研究提出一种基于旋耕覆土的基肥定深条施投送方法。通过对旋耕刀、后抛土块进行运动学分析,建立了基肥定深施用装置排肥口位置与施肥深度关系模型,搭建了旋耕施肥试验平台,设计了2组递进试验,应用该平台对建立的排肥口位置与施肥深度关系模型进行大田试验验证,在旋耕机构的结构参数和工作参数一定的情况下,根据建立的关系模型对排肥管的安装位置进行依次调整,试验设置80、100、120、140和160 mm共计5种肥料目标投送深度,然后对5种肥料目标投送深度下的肥料实际位置深度进行测量。试验结果表明,肥料的实际位置深度均值与对应目标投送深度的偏差最大值为9 mm,偏移率最大值为8.75%,肥料的实际投送位置深度和目标投送深度基本吻合。该研究可以为中国黄淮海地区冬小麦基肥的精准定深实施及其相关联合机具开发提供理论依据。Winter wheat is the most important crop in China, which has a large planting area, a high per unit area yield and a high total output. This is important to the maintenance of national food security. Base-fertilizer application is an important process of winter wheat production, which directly affects the yield of crops, and reasonable and effective use of chemical fertilizer can improve the yield of crops. At present, base-fertilizer of winter wheat is applied to the surface of farmland by manure spreader or laborers. Then the rotary tiller or moldboard plow is used to bury the fertilizer underground. The method has the problems of disordered fertilizer, excessive fertilizer delivery and low utilization efficiency. The depth-setting fertilizer application for winter wheat is an ideal way of fertilization. It can carry out a uniform fertilization to the winter wheat＇s underside position with a certain depth, which can reduce fertilizer amount compared with the traditional fertilization operation. It is a fertilization technique with high output, stable yield and low cost. Combined with the characteristics of rotary tillage fertilizing of winter wheat in Huanghe-Huaihe-Haihe（HHH） zone of China, this paper proposes a precise depth-setting fertilizer application method based on principle of rotary tillage. From the kinematics analysis of rotary blade and soil block respectively, the mathematical model of the positions of fertilizer outlet orifice of steel pipe and the target depth of fertilization was established. In order to validate this mathematical model, a precision rotary tillage fertilization test platform was set up. The test platform includes tractor, depth-controlled component, rotary tillage device, fertilizer ejecting device, precision hydraulic control system and press device. The fertilizer ejecting device is the key part of the test platform. It includes longitudinal beam, fastening bolt, steel pipe of fertilizer ejecting, U-shaped bolt and sleeve. The steel pipe of fertilizer ejecting can be adj

关 键 词：机械化 肥料 模型 基肥施用 定深施肥 数学建模 旋耕理论 精准农业 

分 类 号：S222.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]