足球运动员冲突情境下的认知优势及其ERP研究  

The Superior Cognition in Conflict Contexts for Professional Football Athletes:An ERP Study

作　　者：姬庆春 陆颖之 王莹莹 周成林[1] JI Qingchun;LU Yingzhi;WANG Yingying;ZHOU Chenglin(School of Kinesiology,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海200438

出　　处：《体育与科学》2018年第4期60-65,共6页Sports & Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金;项目号:31571151;31700985

摘　　要：目的:研究先验信息与当前信息发生冲突时,足球运动员的认知加工优势及其特征。方法:选取国家二级及以上足球守门员(专家组)和无运动经验的普通大学生(对照组),要求完成线索提示任务,任务条件依据线索信息和目标信息的一致性分为三种:中性条件(线索提示无效)、匹配条件(线索提示和目标刺激信息一致)和不匹配条件(线索提示和目标刺激信息不一致),并记录行为和脑电数据。结果:行为结果表明,在不匹配条件下,专家组正确率显著高于对照组(P=0.018),而在匹配条件和中性条件下,组间正确率无显著差异;脑电数据结果发现,中性条件诱发的CNV1和CNV2波幅相比于匹配条件(P≤0.033)和不匹配条件(P≤0.021)更小;专家组诱发的CNV2波幅相比与对照组更大(P=0.046);专家组在匹配条件下诱发的P3波幅显著小于中性条件(P=0.046)和不匹配条件(P=0.013),而对照组对三种条件下诱发的P3波幅无显著差异。结论:长期足球训练经验可以提高个体处理冲突情境的能力,这种优势主要源于运动员对预期和动作准备状态的合理调控,并能基于先验信息灵活地对认知资源进行分配,这一成果也丰富了专家优势特征。In the study,to investigate the ability of professional football athletes to process and integrate different kinds of information in a conflict context,athletes and non-athletes as controls were required to perform a cue-target task.Based on the congruence of the prime stimuli and the target stimuli,there were three conditions,including neutral condition（invalid prime）,congruent condition（valid prime）,and incongruent condition（incongruent prime）.Behavioral and electroencephalography responses were recorded.The behavioral results showed higher response accuracy for athletes than controls in the incongruent condition（P=0.018）,but not in the neutral and congruent conditions.The ERP results showed that the amplitudes of CNV1 and CNV2 components were smaller in the neutral condition than both congruent condition（P≤0.033）and incongruent condition（P≤0.021）.The CNV2 amplitudes were larger in athletes compared to controls（P = 0.046）.The P3 amplitudes were smaller in the congruent condition than the neutral condition（P = 0.046）and incongruent condition（P = 0.013）for athletes,while there was no significant difference among these three conditions for controls.In conclusion,the superior conflict integration in athletes is related to their appropriate preparation and cognitive resource allocation.These results enrich the characteristics of expert advantages.

关 键 词：足球运动员 先验信息 冲突情境 事件相关电位 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]